덕진산성의 구조와 축조시기에 대한 검토 (Review on the Structure and Construction Time of DeokjinSanseong Fortress(德津山城))

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국립공주대학교 백제문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 백제문화 / 56호 / 109 ~ 162페이지
· 저자명 : 박현준

초록

덕진산성은 고구려에 의해서 처음 축조된 성벽을 통일신라시대에 여러 차례 이상 수축하였고, 이후 필요에 따라 조선시대까지 사용된 것으로 확인되었다. 대략적인 시기를 살펴보면 초축은 삼국시대 말 즉, 6~7세기대로 추정되며, 축성주체는 고구려일 가능성이 높다. 또한 그 공간적 범위는 내성 전역에 해당할 것으로 판단된다. 이와 관련된 근거로 고구려에 의해 축조된 토축부[치3]에서 출토된 장동호와 시루편, 그리고 주변에 위치한 호로고루와 보루들의 축조시점, 그리고 자연과학적 분석결과 등을 들 수 있다. 이후 7세기 후반에 이르러 통일신라에 의해 1차성벽[석축부]이 축조된 것으로 보인다. 그리고 2개의 치와 치 기저부 강화를 위해 설치한 기단보축은 8세기대에 축조되었으며, 마지막으로 9세기대에 이르러 전면 가공한 화강암제 성돌을 이용하여 2차성벽을 축조한 것으로 판단된다. 한편 치3에서 확인된 치 기단보축의 축조수법이 주변에 위치한 고구려 보루[무등리 2보루, 홍련봉 2보루]의 축조수법과 매우 유사한데, 이는 고구려 멸망 후 고구려의 축성기법이 유입된 것으로 이해할 수 있다. 이후 조선시대에 들어 내성의 성벽을 기저부로 활용하여 외성을 축조하였으며, 외성문지 토축부와 내ㆍ외성의 연접된 토축부에서 고려~조선시대 기와편과 백자편이 출토되어 편년에 좋은 근거가 되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 외성에 대한 초축시기나 축성주체, 그리고 동파리보루와 덕진산성과의 관계는 명확히 단정하기 어려운 상황으로 장기적이고, 체계적인 후속조사가 이루어지면 좀 더 구체적인 면모가 밝혀질 것으로 기대된다. 특히 덕진산성 내성과 관련된 문지, 집수지, 건물지 등에 대한 종합적인 조사가 실시되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

영어초록

The rampart of Deokjinsanseong fortress(德津山城) which had been first constructed by Goguryeo was repaired several times during the United Silla period, and it was found that it was used till the Joseon dynasty as occasion demanded. To examine the approximate periods, it is assumed that it was first built at the end of the period of the Three States, that is, the 6th to 7th century, and it is very likely that Goguryeo was the subject of the construction. In addition, it is judged that its spatial range may be the entire area of the inner castle. The grounds for this include jars with a long body (jangdongho) and steamers (siru) excavated from crenellated wall (chi) 3 of the parts constructed with earth, built by Goguryeo, the period of the construction of Horogoru Castle and forts that are located around it and the results of a natural scientific analysis. Later, it seems that, entering the late 7th century, the parts constructed primarily with rocks of the rampart was built by the United Silla dynasty. In addition, it is judged that foundation subwall (gidanbochuk) installed to reinforce two crenellated walls and their base was constructed in the 8th century, and in the 9th century, the rampart was constructed secondarily, using fully processed granitic castle rocks. In the meantime, the method of the construction of the foundation subwall of the crenellated wall found in crenellated wall (chi) 3 is very similar to that of the Goguryeo forts located in the surrounding areas (Fort2 in Mudeung-ri and Fort2 in Hongryeon- bong), and this can be understood that after the fall of Goguryeo, its fortification was introduced. Later, in the Joseon dynasty, the outer castle was constructed, using castle wall of the inner castle as the base, and in the parts constructed with earth in the outer castle and the parts constructed with earth in the part where the inner castle and outer castle are connected, fragments of roofing tiles and white white porcelain of the Goryeo to Joseon dynasty were excavated, which become nice grounds for chronological recording. However, it is still difficult to clearly predicate the period of the first construction of the outer castle, the subject of the construction, and the relationship between Dongpa-ri fort and Deokjin mountain fortress, and it is expected that more concrete aspects will be revealed if long-term and systematic investigations are carried out. Especially, it is judged that comprehensive investigation on gate ruins, water catchment ruins and building sites related to the inner castle of Deokjin mountain fortress should be conducted.

참고자료

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