麗末鮮初 趙胖의 對明외교활동 (Jo Ban's Diplomatic Activities and Political Characteristics in the Late Goryeo and Early Chosun Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : (사)한국인물사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국인물사연구 / 20호 / 139 ~ 177페이지
· 저자명 : 오수연

초록

The late Goryeo and early Chosun Dynasty was politically sensitive time when bureaucrats' future was decided centering around founding the new dynasty. It is quite important to review political activities of founding contributors among subjects, to research the turning point from Goryeo to Chosun. There are lots of existing researches on Chosun founding contributors, but lack of researches on working-level task force covered by major figures such as Jung Do-jeon and Jo Jun who led the systematical reform and new dynasty. It is Jo Ban who is the most remarkable person in such working-level task force.
Jo Ban was named as a founding contributor who played a major role in the relations with Ming Dynasty. Especially, Jo Ban visited Ming total seven times as an envoy, and three of them were related to a major mission related to investiture of King. They were to request the posthumous title of King Kongmin and the succession of King Woo, to inform Ming of King Kongmin's enthronement, and of Lee Seong-gae's enthronement after foundation of Chosun Dynasty. The three trips as an envoy indicate that Jo Ban's diplomatic mission was quite important and serious.
To understand the background that Jo Ban performed such diplomatically important duties, this study examined the process of his entrance to government service. He went to Yuan at the age of 12 and stayed at his cousin's as she got married to Yuan's official named Danpyeongjang. During his stay in Yuan, he studied Mongolian and Chinese language and mastered two languages. His remarkable talent made Prime Minister of Yuan named Taltal appoint him as the official interpreter of Jungseosung. After 15-year service in Yuan, he returned to Goryeo in the 17th year of King Kongmin's reign and served as an official. In the 8th and 11th year of King Woo's reign, he visited Ming as an envoy to request the posthumous title of King Kongmin and the succession of King Woo. It was a diplomatically sensitive time when Goryeo got complaints from Ming because of its double diplomacy with Yuan and Ming. In the situation, Jo Ban's diplomatic ability was recognized by getting approvals of the two missions in the 11th year of King Woo's reign. After that, he was selected again as an envoy to inform Ming of new King's enthronement in the 1st year of King Kongyang's reign. For King Woo and Kongmin, Jo Ban's mission was much important to proclaim the legitimacy and appropriateness of their throne externally by getting Ming's approval of enthronement.
Jo Ban after his political growth through diplomatic activities formed ties with Lee Seong-gae because of his criminal case in the reign of King Woo. Lee Seong-gae who attained power through Wihwadohwegun learned that he needed Ming's protection for his power, and achieved that through Jo Ban. Jo Ban performed diplomatic activities according to Lee Seong-gae's intension as an envoy to Ming, and returned home in May in the 2nd year of King Kongyang's reign and reported the criminal case of Yoo Yi and Lee Cho, which gave Lee Seong-gae a momentum to remove his political opponents. Like this, Jo Ban helped Lee Seong-gae a lot for the foundation of Chosun Dynasty with his diplomatic ability. He visited Ming just the following day of the foundation of Chosun Dynasty to inform Ming of Lee Seong-gae's enthronement, and returned with Taejo's approval from Ming. It was made in just three months from his leave. This diplomatic achievement was the peak of his diplomatic activities as a member of Lee Seong-gae power. Since then, he continued his diplomatic activities in the reign of King Taejo as an envoy to accompany with Jungan-Gun, Lee Bang-won and to explain Pyojeon case that was a sensitive diplomatic one.
As shown above, Jo Ban was an important figure in diplomatic activities in the chaotic period when the dynasty changed in Yuan-Ming, China and in Goryeo-Chosun, Korea based on his fluent foreign languages. Through him, thus, it is possible to understand the period of the late Goryeo and early Chosun and review the relations with Ming Dynasty that time. In addition, we can understand what characteristics were regarded as important for contribution by noticing that he was the one who appointed as a foundation contributor of Chosun Dynasty.

영어초록

The late Goryeo and early Chosun Dynasty was politically sensitive time when bureaucrats' future was decided centering around founding the new dynasty. It is quite important to review political activities of founding contributors among subjects, to research the turning point from Goryeo to Chosun. There are lots of existing researches on Chosun founding contributors, but lack of researches on working-level task force covered by major figures such as Jung Do-jeon and Jo Jun who led the systematical reform and new dynasty. It is Jo Ban who is the most remarkable person in such working-level task force.
Jo Ban was named as a founding contributor who played a major role in the relations with Ming Dynasty. Especially, Jo Ban visited Ming total seven times as an envoy, and three of them were related to a major mission related to investiture of King. They were to request the posthumous title of King Kongmin and the succession of King Woo, to inform Ming of King Kongmin's enthronement, and of Lee Seong-gae's enthronement after foundation of Chosun Dynasty. The three trips as an envoy indicate that Jo Ban's diplomatic mission was quite important and serious.
To understand the background that Jo Ban performed such diplomatically important duties, this study examined the process of his entrance to government service. He went to Yuan at the age of 12 and stayed at his cousin's as she got married to Yuan's official named Danpyeongjang. During his stay in Yuan, he studied Mongolian and Chinese language and mastered two languages. His remarkable talent made Prime Minister of Yuan named Taltal appoint him as the official interpreter of Jungseosung. After 15-year service in Yuan, he returned to Goryeo in the 17th year of King Kongmin's reign and served as an official. In the 8th and 11th year of King Woo's reign, he visited Ming as an envoy to request the posthumous title of King Kongmin and the succession of King Woo. It was a diplomatically sensitive time when Goryeo got complaints from Ming because of its double diplomacy with Yuan and Ming. In the situation, Jo Ban's diplomatic ability was recognized by getting approvals of the two missions in the 11th year of King Woo's reign. After that, he was selected again as an envoy to inform Ming of new King's enthronement in the 1st year of King Kongyang's reign. For King Woo and Kongmin, Jo Ban's mission was much important to proclaim the legitimacy and appropriateness of their throne externally by getting Ming's approval of enthronement.
Jo Ban after his political growth through diplomatic activities formed ties with Lee Seong-gae because of his criminal case in the reign of King Woo. Lee Seong-gae who attained power through Wihwadohwegun learned that he needed Ming's protection for his power, and achieved that through Jo Ban. Jo Ban performed diplomatic activities according to Lee Seong-gae's intension as an envoy to Ming, and returned home in May in the 2nd year of King Kongyang's reign and reported the criminal case of Yoo Yi and Lee Cho, which gave Lee Seong-gae a momentum to remove his political opponents. Like this, Jo Ban helped Lee Seong-gae a lot for the foundation of Chosun Dynasty with his diplomatic ability. He visited Ming just the following day of the foundation of Chosun Dynasty to inform Ming of Lee Seong-gae's enthronement, and returned with Taejo's approval from Ming. It was made in just three months from his leave. This diplomatic achievement was the peak of his diplomatic activities as a member of Lee Seong-gae power. Since then, he continued his diplomatic activities in the reign of King Taejo as an envoy to accompany with Jungan-Gun, Lee Bang-won and to explain Pyojeon case that was a sensitive diplomatic one.
As shown above, Jo Ban was an important figure in diplomatic activities in the chaotic period when the dynasty changed in Yuan-Ming, China and in Goryeo-Chosun, Korea based on his fluent foreign languages. Through him, thus, it is possible to understand the period of the late Goryeo and early Chosun and review the relations with Ming Dynasty that time. In addition, we can understand what characteristics were regarded as important for contribution by noticing that he was the one who appointed as a foundation contributor of Chosun Dynasty.

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