고려 숙종대 南京 설치와 역사계승의식 (Establishment of Nam'gyeong (Southern Capital) and Notions of “Historical Inheritance”(歷史繼承意識) in Goryeo king Seongjong’s reign)

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초록

이 연구는 고려 숙종대 南京 설치의 의미를 역사계승의식의 관점에서 살펴본 것이다. 고려는 開京과 西京에 이어 東京을 두어 三京을 구성했는데, 이는 삼한의 일통에서 신라의 위상을 공인한 것이었다. 그러나 숙종대 동경을 배제하고 새로 남경을 설치하여 삼경을 재구성하였다. 이것은 삼한일통의식이 기존의 ‘결합적’ 의미에서 ‘융합적’ 의미로 전환되는 것을 반영한다. 남경 설치 논의에 인용된 圖讖에는 고려 중심의 天下와 함께 이 이념이 담겨 있다.
앞서 楊州가 南平壤으로 지칭된 것은 ‘平壤已南 百濟土地’라는 전통적 입론에서 평양을 양주에 비정함으로써 그 경계를 대동강에서 한강으로 바꾼 것이었다. 이는 고구려와 신라의 구분과 결합을 표상한다. 그런데 이곳이 南京이 되는 것은 여기에서 벗어나 그 자체로 삼한일통의식을 구현한 것이었다. 이는 기존 서경의 위상 약화를 수반하였다. 고려후기 遷都論이 대개 남경(한양)을 대상으로 한 것은 이러한 역사적 의미에 따른 것이다.

영어초록

Examined in this article is the meaning of King Sukjong’s decision to build Nam’gyeong(南京), the “Southern capital”, in terms of it being an act based on a sentiment of historical succession. After constructing the Gae’gyeong(開京) and Seo’gyeong(西京) capitals Goryeo also built Dong’gyeong(東京). The completion of these “Three Capitals(三京)” was an acknowledgment of Shilla’s historic role and position in the process during which the Sam Han(三韓) units came together to create the “Ultimate unity(一統)”. Yet during King Sukjong’s reign, Dong’gyeong was literally set aside, and the newly constructed Nam’gyeong took its place, replacing Dong’gyeong and becoming the new member of the “Three Capitals” trinity. This turn of events signified the evolution of the existing sentiment of “Sam Han became One”, from a simple ‘combination’ to a new level of ‘fusion.’ Within the “Docham(圖讖)” theories consulted in the discussions to design Nam’gyeong, prevalent was a rather Goryeo-centric world(天下) view alongside this very sentiment.
Previously, the region Yangju(楊州) was designated as Nam- Pyeong’yang(South Pyeong’yang, 南平壤), as it was necessary to designate Yangju as the late Pyeong’yang city to deal with traditional perspectives which viewed the “region below Pyeong’yang” as having belonged to the “late Baekje” dynasty(‘平壤已南 百濟土地’), and therefore it was necessary to move Baekje’s supposed northern borderline from the Daedong-gang river to Han-gang river. This original designation (Yangju as Pyeong’yang) by itself symbolized the distinction between and later coupling of the two late dynasties, Goguryeo and Shilla. But re-designating this region as Nam’gyeong was a different thing, as it was another promotion of the notion of “Sam Hans are One” sentiment which actually demoted the prior image and status of another capital, Seo’gyeong. Later on, in the latter half period of Goryeo, discussions to relocate the capital (Cheondo-ron, 遷都論) mostly pointed to Nam’gyeong as the new capital.

참고자료

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