영조대 도성 방위의 수성전술 체계 (Defense tactic system of capital city castle in the era of King Yeongjo)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사실학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 실학 / 56호 / 137 ~ 174페이지
· 저자명 : 신효승

초록

The experience from both wars had destroyed the national defence system of Chosun dynasty from the very foundation. Since the countermeasure of Chosun dynasty had maintained the royal dynasty by setting a dynamic strategic target, it became difficult to expect the stable management & improvement of country after whole country became used as a buffer for just few politicians. In order to overcome this situation, the new defence policy had been demanded. However, the national strength of Chosun had its limitation as it showed in both wars. As a result, the strategic target had been limited in capital city castle in the era of King Yeongjo. These strategic changes had been shown through "Suseong booklet" as an actualized defense theory of capital city castle.
As a result, there had been series of changes in military policies starting from "Eoje suseong yuneum" in 1724(the 27th year in King Yeongjo). Although it had been one of courses of changes changes, it had been actualized and reflected in policies. As a result, "Suseong booklet" had been published. The "Suseong booklet" had been consisted with "Eoje suseong yuneum", "Dosung Samgunmun Bungye Jido", "Dosung Samgunmun Bungye Chongrok", and "Suseong Jeolmok". Each of four different documents listed in this booklet has contained a very significant military meaning.
In case of "Eoje suseong yuneum", it clearly states the defence of capital city castle as an actualized military mission rather than its political implication. Then, in case of "Dosung Samgunmun Bungye Jido", which is a map of roads, major buildings, surrounding lay of the capital castle, and deployment & operation of major defence troops, is rather an order than a map. Also, in case of "Dosung Samgunmun Bungye Chongrok", it is a list of specific procedures for where & how to recruit the resource in which scale and how to operate the resource when the defence situation of capital city castle has arrived. Finally, in case of "Suseong Jeolmok", it contains how to utilize the recruited resource.
Based on these documents, the broadscale military reinforcement had been made at predicted points of enemy entry for the defence of capital city castle. Especially, the reinforcement had been made preferentially at East & West side of castle. In addition to that, the intensive troop deployment had been made at Donuimun located in East side. In this point, the past experience played as a major role had been played a major role. As a result, the most powerful central army, Hunryondogam, had been assigned for major roads and areas such as area from Sukjeongmun to Donuimun, major access roads to the capital castle, and major buildings in the castle.
At that time period, there had been Mooshin Revolt by the ruling class and Yi Gwal`s insurrection which captured the capital city as well as continuous warning till the era of King Sukjong regarding the possibility of invasion of the qing dynasty from China such as "Returning theory to Younggotop" with its preparation. Also, the appearance of western ships & invasion of Japanese had caused the increase in attention during that time. In response of these, the reinforcement of military strength had been continuously lasted through the capital city castle defence theory in the era of King Yeongjo, and it had been improved to "Yusubu system" in the era of King Jeongjo as an extension of its efforts to reinforce.

영어초록

The experience from both wars had destroyed the national defence system of Chosun dynasty from the very foundation. Since the countermeasure of Chosun dynasty had maintained the royal dynasty by setting a dynamic strategic target, it became difficult to expect the stable management & improvement of country after whole country became used as a buffer for just few politicians. In order to overcome this situation, the new defence policy had been demanded. However, the national strength of Chosun had its limitation as it showed in both wars. As a result, the strategic target had been limited in capital city castle in the era of King Yeongjo. These strategic changes had been shown through "Suseong booklet" as an actualized defense theory of capital city castle.
As a result, there had been series of changes in military policies starting from "Eoje suseong yuneum" in 1724(the 27th year in King Yeongjo). Although it had been one of courses of changes changes, it had been actualized and reflected in policies. As a result, "Suseong booklet" had been published. The "Suseong booklet" had been consisted with "Eoje suseong yuneum", "Dosung Samgunmun Bungye Jido", "Dosung Samgunmun Bungye Chongrok", and "Suseong Jeolmok". Each of four different documents listed in this booklet has contained a very significant military meaning.
In case of "Eoje suseong yuneum", it clearly states the defence of capital city castle as an actualized military mission rather than its political implication. Then, in case of "Dosung Samgunmun Bungye Jido", which is a map of roads, major buildings, surrounding lay of the capital castle, and deployment & operation of major defence troops, is rather an order than a map. Also, in case of "Dosung Samgunmun Bungye Chongrok", it is a list of specific procedures for where & how to recruit the resource in which scale and how to operate the resource when the defence situation of capital city castle has arrived. Finally, in case of "Suseong Jeolmok", it contains how to utilize the recruited resource.
Based on these documents, the broadscale military reinforcement had been made at predicted points of enemy entry for the defence of capital city castle. Especially, the reinforcement had been made preferentially at East & West side of castle. In addition to that, the intensive troop deployment had been made at Donuimun located in East side. In this point, the past experience played as a major role had been played a major role. As a result, the most powerful central army, Hunryondogam, had been assigned for major roads and areas such as area from Sukjeongmun to Donuimun, major access roads to the capital castle, and major buildings in the castle.
At that time period, there had been Mooshin Revolt by the ruling class and Yi Gwal`s insurrection which captured the capital city as well as continuous warning till the era of King Sukjong regarding the possibility of invasion of the qing dynasty from China such as "Returning theory to Younggotop" with its preparation. Also, the appearance of western ships & invasion of Japanese had caused the increase in attention during that time. In response of these, the reinforcement of military strength had been continuously lasted through the capital city castle defence theory in the era of King Yeongjo, and it had been improved to "Yusubu system" in the era of King Jeongjo as an extension of its efforts to reinforce.

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