在日朝鮮人社會에 대한 日帝의 監視體制－憲兵隊의 役割과 그 限界를 中心으로－

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한일민족문제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓日民族問題硏究 / 21호 / 5 ~ 30페이지
· 저자명 : 이승희

초록

本論文の目的は、在日朝鮮人社会に対する日本の監視体制のなか、憲兵隊が担っていた役割を検討し、その実態を明らかにすることである。戦前期における日本は、特高で象徴される内務省警察と陸軍の憲兵という「二重警察社会」であると規定されてきた。それは日本の社会において警察機構としての憲兵が担っていた役割が特高に劣らないほど大きかったという認識を反映している。朝鮮から日本へ渡って日本官憲の厳しい監視下におかれていた在日朝鮮人の認識もそれと似たようなものであったと言える。しかし、内務省特高と憲兵が実行していた「治安維持」活動を実際に比較してみると、この両者を同じ基準で評価することの問題性が浮彫りになる。内務省警保局は、韓国併合を前後した時期から在日朝鮮人を監視·取締を行える各種の例規を制定、または改正しながら法的措置を整備してきた。また特高には充分な予算と人員を投じて在日朝鮮人に関する情報を蒐集し、それに基づいて監視と取締を行った。一方、憲兵は軍の警察機関でありながら民間にまで行使できる幅広い警察権を保持していたが、人員·予算·情報·職権の限界により在日朝鮮人に対しては限定的な監視·取締活動を行わざるを得なかった。その結果、単発的、枝葉末節的な対応が主になったのである。特に憲兵は、軍と直接的な関連がない一般社会の中の在日朝鮮人に対しては殆んど影響力を行使することができなかった。憲兵が主導的に治安維持を担った植民地と憲兵の制限的な活動のみ許された本国の状況の違いから、帝国日本全体における治安維持体系上、憲兵が占める役割に対し、マクロな視点から接近する必要性を提起してくれると言えよう。

영어초록

The objective of this research is to review the roles of military police in Imperial Japan’s system of monitoring the Society of Koreans in Japan, and to find the facts. During the period before World War II, Japan was defined as a ‘society with dual police system’ with a police force called Special Higher Police directed by the Home Ministry, and with military police directed by Japanese Army. It reflects that military police had such an important role as that of Special Higher Police as a police force of Japan. Koreans in Japan also similarly recognized the impact of military police as they were living abhorred by strict monitoring and cracking down of Special Higher Police and military police after moving from Chosun to Japan.
But as we compare actual activities of Special Higher Police with those of military police, it makes us hesitate to conclude that they carried out similar roles. Police Bureau of the Home Ministry thoroughly made legal device to monitor Koreans in Japan by establishing and revising rules and regulations around the time of Annexation of Korea. And also Political Bureau set aside enough budget and workforce to Special Higher Police to collect information so that it could use the information in monitoring and cracking down on Koreans in Japan. Unlike this, even though they had a broad police right applicable to civilians, not normal to a military agency, military police had shortage of workforce, budget, information, and authority in monitoring and cracking down on Koreans in Japan. In the mainland Japan, military police monitored Koreans based on isolated and diverged responses because they could not establish a systematic monitoring system like Special Higher Police in the Home Ministry. And military police had little influence on Koreans in Japan in a civilian society not directly related to military. As a result, the gap between military police’s role in occupied countries, where they mainly led tasks of keeping public order, and in the mainland Japan, where their activities were largely limited, raises the need to have a broad understanding to review military police’s roles in the system of maintaining public order in overall Imperial Japan.

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