1990년대 이래 중국의 대학개혁과 서구대학모델 수용의 함의 (The Implications of Chinese University Reform and the adoption of Western University Model Since the 1990s)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국근현대사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국근현대사연구 / 74호 / 259 ~ 287페이지
· 저자명 : 최은진

초록

Chinese universities have started to embrace the model of Western European university, but the principle and method of management are not same. It could be understood that after the initial introduction of the Western University model, Chinese characteristics have permeated in and brought about diverging from the western model.
Based on such understanding, I tried to examine that University reform after the reform and opening up was developed in the process of accommodating the management and principle of the Western European universities, and how the leaders of the reform, such as Government and its university policies and members of University influenced throughout the process and contributed in shaping the Chinese-style university model.
In sum, while some democratic aspects existed in the management of university in the early stages of reform and opening up, the problem of bureaucratization in university administration became more intensified as the government’s university policies were strengthened. These results were verified that the tasks of the reform were focused in increasing efficiency and pragmatic approach rather than the principle of university management. This was evident when examining the reform process of Peking University, a highly renowned(prestigious) university in China. In the reform process of Peking University, the governance of the Communist Party which emphasizes the development of productive capacity has strengthened the tendency of deeming university as a tool.
Moreover, when the government’s two policies, the popularization of university and the intensive investment for fostering up world-class universities in accordance with the wave of globalization unfurled , the control structure and the autonomy of universities deterioratedThe economic governance of the central and municipal governments and the bureaucratic enforcement have made it difficult for the university’s proper democratic management Additionally, I reviewed the progress of newly-emphasized General Education, which became an important curriculum of university reform, but the outcome of General Education was appraised at best as perfunctory and superficial.
From the examples of Peking university and some program of the General Education, these disappointing results were due to the lack of academic autonomy that were crucial for the exhibition of creativity, even though those programs were devised to nurture the creative and ingenious talent. During the socialist era, the state-led education implemented in university and the pragmatic purpose gained the upper hand, the fostering of creative talents ended in a slogan.

영어초록

Chinese universities have started to embrace the model of Western European university, but the principle and method of management are not same. It could be understood that after the initial introduction of the Western University model, Chinese characteristics have permeated in and brought about diverging from the western model.
Based on such understanding, I tried to examine that University reform after the reform and opening up was developed in the process of accommodating the management and principle of the Western European universities, and how the leaders of the reform, such as Government and its university policies and members of University influenced throughout the process and contributed in shaping the Chinese-style university model.
In sum, while some democratic aspects existed in the management of university in the early stages of reform and opening up, the problem of bureaucratization in university administration became more intensified as the government’s university policies were strengthened. These results were verified that the tasks of the reform were focused in increasing efficiency and pragmatic approach rather than the principle of university management. This was evident when examining the reform process of Peking University, a highly renowned(prestigious) university in China. In the reform process of Peking University, the governance of the Communist Party which emphasizes the development of productive capacity has strengthened the tendency of deeming university as a tool.
Moreover, when the government’s two policies, the popularization of university and the intensive investment for fostering up world-class universities in accordance with the wave of globalization unfurled , the control structure and the autonomy of universities deterioratedThe economic governance of the central and municipal governments and the bureaucratic enforcement have made it difficult for the university’s proper democratic management Additionally, I reviewed the progress of newly-emphasized General Education, which became an important curriculum of university reform, but the outcome of General Education was appraised at best as perfunctory and superficial.
From the examples of Peking university and some program of the General Education, these disappointing results were due to the lack of academic autonomy that were crucial for the exhibition of creativity, even though those programs were devised to nurture the creative and ingenious talent. During the socialist era, the state-led education implemented in university and the pragmatic purpose gained the upper hand, the fostering of creative talents ended in a slogan.

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