성별 체지방율과 체질량지수의 차이가 체중 당 1RM에 미치는 영향 (Influences of percent body fat and body mass index difference on one repetition maximum in different gender of untrained young adults)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국코칭능력개발원
· 수록지 정보 : 코칭능력개발지 / 18권 / 2호 / 145 ~ 153페이지
· 저자명 : 김명오, 김성훈, 허성훈, 이종삼

초록

본 연구는 젊은 남녀를 대상으로 체지방율과 체질량지수에 따른 상체의 체중 당 등장성 근력의 변화를 성별에 따라 살핌으로써 이들사이의 실제적인 관련성을 밝히고자 하였다. 건강한 남녀 총 122명(남 85명, 여 37명)을 실험 대상자로 선정하여 체지방율(percent body fat ; %BF)에 따라 남녀 각각 세 그룹(남성은 ≤15.0%, 15.1~24.9%, ≥25.0%, 여성은 ≤20.0%, 20.1~29.9%, ≥30.0%)으로 나누었으며, 체질량지수에 따라 네 그룹(≤20.0, 20.1~22.5, 22.6~24.9, ≥25.0)으로 분류하였다. 실험 기간 중 평상시 식이섭취와 운동 습관의 변화가 발생하지 않도록 하였으며, bench press와 lat pull down을 이용하여 개인별 최대 일회 반복 횟수(one repetition maximum, 1RM) 를 측정하였다. 결과로는 남성의 상체 최대 근력이 체지방율과 체질량지수가 높아짐에 따라 총 중량에서는 영향을 미치지 않으나 체중 당 중량에 전반적으로 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 여성의 상체 최대 근력은 비록 부분적인 부적 경향이 나타나긴하였으나 전체적으로는 체지방율과 체질량지수의 차이에 민감한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과는 저항성 중량 운동프로그램의 지도 시 비만도에 따라 남성과 여성에게 차별화된 기준의 적용이 필요하다는 것과 운동 현장에서 성별 특성을 고려해 체중당 중량의 사용을 적극적으로 검토해야 함을 반영하는 것이다.

영어초록

We investigated the effects of percent body fat (%BF) and body mass index (BMI) on maximal isotonic muscular strength of upper body in both genders of young adults. Total 122 young and healthy subjects (85 males and 37 females) were voluntarily participated in this study. All subjects were classified either one of three groups by %BF (≤15.0%, 15.1~24.9%, ≥25.0% for males, ≤20.0%, 20.1~29.9%, ≥30.0% for females) or one of four groups by BMI(≤20.0, 20.1~22.5, 22.6~24.9, ≥25.0 kg/m2). From individual subjects, one repetition maximum (1RM) was measured using bench press and lat pull down machines. Whereas %BF of male did not meaningfully influence in absolute total 1RM during bench press and lat pull down, relative 1RM observed by each kilogram of body mass was significantly altered by %BF, showing the highest values for bench press in normal %BF group (i.e., 15.1~24.9%) and the lowest values in obese %BF group (i.e., ≥25.0%) for both bench press and lat pull down. Unlike 1RM values obtained male, %BF did not make any relevance of female's 1RM for both events (i.e., either bench press or lat pull down) and units of measurements (i.e., either absolute unit or relative unit).
BMI of males affected significantly in absolute and relative values of 1RM of male during bench press, revealing high BMI (i.e., 22.6~24.9, ≥25.0 kg/m2) was shown statistically higher absolute 1RM than low BMI (i.e., ≤20.0, 20.1~22.5 kg/m2), and the highest relative 1RM (i.e., kg/kg body mass) was shown in 22.6~24.9 kg/m2. The changing patterns of 1RM during lat pull down was almost identical to the bench press except obese group (i.e., ≥25.0 kg/m2) in which shown the lowest relative 1RM. BMI of females did not affect in 1RM during bench press for both absolute and relative weight load, however it was shown the highest relative 1RM values during lat pull down in 20.1~22.5 kg/m2 group. Based on these results, following conclusions were drawn. First, total upper body muscular strength of male is not influenced by %BF and/or BMI, however relative muscular strength, which is thought as an actual quality of power, is negatively affected by growing fatness. Although partial association was found, 1RM produced from upper bodies of females seems not sensitively associated with %BF and BMI. From this study. it was suggested that differentiated resistance exercise training programs which careful considerations of gender difference will be required as quality of total lifting weight would be produced by relative to the body mass.

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