변화된 ‘皇都’에서 서양과 조선의 접촉 ― 1860∼70년대 조선 赴京使臣團의 사진을 중심으로 ― (Contact between Chosŏn and the West in the Changed ‘Imperial City (皇都)’ — With a Focus on the Photographs of Chosŏn Envoys during the 1860s-1870s —)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 148호 / 245 ~ 286페이지
· 저자명 : 손성욱

초록

Chosŏn’s first photograph was taken in Beijing, in the year 1863. It was not a photo that was taken passively without awareness of the situation, but rather one that was taken purposely in a principal capacity. Prior to Chosŏn-Japan Treaty in 1876, all photos which principally depicted Koreans had been taken by westerners in Beijing. That photography of Koreans was possible in Beijing owed to the fact that it was virtually the only space where Koreans could come into contact with western civilization and material culture at the time. Furthermore, following the Second Opium War and the complete opening of Beijing to westerners, westerns were free to visit or reside in Beijing, thus creating more opportunities for contact between Koreans and westerners.
After the Second Opium War, increased contact between Chosŏn and the West led to the deepening of mutual interest in each other. However, the directionality of such interest was not the same. Having opened up the ‘Imperial City (皇都)’ wherein the previous Qing-centric order was still firmly in place, westerners not only took a growing personal interest in Chosŏn, the ‘Hermit Kingdom’, but western powers also sought to open up Chosŏn, which still remained within the Qing-centric order. Beijing became a space wherein such tentative contemplations took place. On the other hand, Koreans took an interest in western civilization and material culture, and would recruit western photographers to have their pictures taken. Some Koreans contacted westerners and expressed keen interest in the West. However, due to Chosŏn’s policy of isolation, the experiences in Beijing were not conveyed to Chosŏn itself.
Beijing represented a space where the inquisitiveness of Chosŏn and the West intersected, and was also a place where the West - which sought to expand its sphere of political influence beyond the ‘Imperial City’ - came into contact with Chosŏn, which was opposed to such machinations. As such, the positions of both parties lay behind the photos of Koreans taken in Beijing. Following the photos of Koreans taken in Beijing during the 1860s-1870s, this study traces the background and processes by which the photos were taken to explore the nature of Chosŏn’s contact with the West, in addition to considering the significance of the ‘Imperial City’ - which had undergone changes since the ‘Convention of Beijing’ of 1860 - as a ‘contact zone’ between Chosŏn and the West.

영어초록

Chosŏn’s first photograph was taken in Beijing, in the year 1863. It was not a photo that was taken passively without awareness of the situation, but rather one that was taken purposely in a principal capacity. Prior to Chosŏn-Japan Treaty in 1876, all photos which principally depicted Koreans had been taken by westerners in Beijing. That photography of Koreans was possible in Beijing owed to the fact that it was virtually the only space where Koreans could come into contact with western civilization and material culture at the time. Furthermore, following the Second Opium War and the complete opening of Beijing to westerners, westerns were free to visit or reside in Beijing, thus creating more opportunities for contact between Koreans and westerners.
After the Second Opium War, increased contact between Chosŏn and the West led to the deepening of mutual interest in each other. However, the directionality of such interest was not the same. Having opened up the ‘Imperial City (皇都)’ wherein the previous Qing-centric order was still firmly in place, westerners not only took a growing personal interest in Chosŏn, the ‘Hermit Kingdom’, but western powers also sought to open up Chosŏn, which still remained within the Qing-centric order. Beijing became a space wherein such tentative contemplations took place. On the other hand, Koreans took an interest in western civilization and material culture, and would recruit western photographers to have their pictures taken. Some Koreans contacted westerners and expressed keen interest in the West. However, due to Chosŏn’s policy of isolation, the experiences in Beijing were not conveyed to Chosŏn itself.
Beijing represented a space where the inquisitiveness of Chosŏn and the West intersected, and was also a place where the West - which sought to expand its sphere of political influence beyond the ‘Imperial City’ - came into contact with Chosŏn, which was opposed to such machinations. As such, the positions of both parties lay behind the photos of Koreans taken in Beijing. Following the photos of Koreans taken in Beijing during the 1860s-1870s, this study traces the background and processes by which the photos were taken to explore the nature of Chosŏn’s contact with the West, in addition to considering the significance of the ‘Imperial City’ - which had undergone changes since the ‘Convention of Beijing’ of 1860 - as a ‘contact zone’ between Chosŏn and the West.

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