韓國語와 日本語의 ‘앞서다’類 動詞에 대하여 (A Study on the apseoda(앞서다)-type verbs in Korean and Japanese)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국어문교육연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 어문연구(語文硏究) / 45권 / 2호 / 89 ~ 125페이지
· 저자명 : 최형용, 리우 완잉

초록

본고는 'N+V'型 合成語 중 '앞서다'는 '힘들다' 등과 區別할 必要가 있다는 問題提起에서 出發해 '副詞語+敍述語' 構成을 가진 단어들을 '앞서다'類 動詞로 칭하였다. 이들 단어는 統辭的 過程이나 非對格 假說 등으로 그 형성 과정을 설명하기 어렵다는 점에서 膠着語로서의 한국어 단어 형성의 한 특징을 보여 준다. 이러한 점에 기반하여 한국어 '앞서다'類 단어의 範圍를 확인하고 같은 교착어인 일본어에서 '앞서다'類 動詞를 찾아 이를 分類해 比較하고자 하였다. 한국어는 일본어보다 先行 名詞와 後行 動詞의 意味 關係에 있어 [手段·方法], [處所], [方向]을 지닌 경우가 많고 [原因]의 경우는 드물다는 공통점을 가지나 일본어가 [對象]의 의미를 지닌 경우가 상대적으로 많다는 것은 差異點이다. 한편 특히 일본어는 統合 合成語의 측면에서 '名詞+動詞 連用形'을 'N+V' 動詞와 함께 다루어 왔는데 특히 한일 '앞서다'類 動詞에는 'N+V'만 존재하고 名詞化하지 않는 것이 적지 않다는 점에서 '앞서다'類가 名詞化와 관련해서도 일정한 특징을 가진다는 것을 알 수 있다.

영어초록

This paper firstly focused on the word-formation of 'N-V' compound words and began the discussion from pointing out a problem that the 'N-V' compound verbs in Korean which have the structures as same as 'apseoda'(앞서다) should be distinguished from other 'N-V' compound verbs such as 'himdeulda'(힘들다). We called these kind of words 'apseoda-type verbs' and dealt with these words in Korean through the comparison with Japanese in which a variety of apseoda-type verbs exist too.
Concretely, this paper firstly reviewed on the preceding researches in relevant to 'N-V' compound verbs and found that the word-formation process of apseoda-type verbs was difficult to be explained through the syntactic process or unaccusative hypothesis. Instead, it should be explained by using the concept of functor and argument. Secondly, this paper investigated the categories of apseoda-type verbs in Korean and Japanese and the conclusion showed that there were more apseoda-type verbs in Korean than in Japanese. This is related to the fact that Korean is rich in compound verbs with the preceding elements function as adverbials. Furthermore, apseoda-type verbs were classified from three ways and the classification according to the meaning of the preceding nouns was the representative method. As the result, the preceding nouns which have the meaning of [instrument·manner], [location], and [direction] occupy the majority. On the other hand, nouns which have the meaning such as [cause] are rarely. As the difference between Korean and Japanese, words in which the preceding nouns play the semantic role of [target] in Japanese are a big part but there are not much such words in Korean. In addition, in most of the existing studies, words with the combination of noun and verb-renyookei(連用形) in Japanese were seen as one part of 'N-V' compound verbs. But we found that not only in Japanese but also in Korean, there were many apseoda-type verbs which could not be nominalized actually. We suggest that it is necessary to deal with them separately if the words are not nominalized from 'N-V' compound verbs.

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