고전장원제 하 영주직영지와농민보유지의 지역별 크기관계―라인란트 지역을 중심으로― (The Regional Size Correlation of Lord’s Demesne and Peasants’ Tenures under the System of Classic Manor: The Case of the Rheinland)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국독일사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 독일연구 - 역사·사회·문화 / 26호 / 189 ~ 223페이지
· 저자명 : 이기영

초록

In general, the ratios of total tenure area to that of lord's demesne ranged between 1:1.5 and 1:3.2 in the classic manors. The ratio had no relation with the writing times of polyptychs. Geographically, on the other hand, the ratio tended to be high in the western parts of the Paris basin, lower in the north-eastern parts of the basin, the lowest in Artois and Rheinland near to ancient Germania.
The regional difference of the ratio depended on the average number of tenures per classic manor and the percentage of servile tenure being only two-thirds as large as free tenure in the total tenures. As a rule, the farther it gets from the western parts of Gaul with Paris as a center to the eastern parts of Gaul and the neighboring areas of Germania, the smaller the number of tenure is and the higher the percentage of servile tenure. Such a tendency is supposed to result from the historical fact that while free tenures increased by land clearing in the western parts of Gaul where the development of farmland and the formation of classic manors were relatively early, those were later and the creation of servile tenure through distribution of land to slaves was plenty in the eastern or northern parts of Gaul.
In every domain, there are a few manors where the ratios of total tenure area to lord's demesne were higher than 1:4.0 or lower than 1:1.0. Such exceptional ratios was sometimes caused by the lacunas or errors of polyptychs or the inaccuracy of estimation due to the poverty of record. With the exception of such cases, such factors as geographical and topographical condition defining the space of land-clearing, lord's positive will to expand his desmesne, lord's option of the way of manor management, land donation or commendation of peasants, and the level of devastation by the plunders of the Vikings or Magyar influenced the exceptionally high or low ratios.

영어초록

In general, the ratios of total tenure area to that of lord's demesne ranged between 1:1.5 and 1:3.2 in the classic manors. The ratio had no relation with the writing times of polyptychs. Geographically, on the other hand, the ratio tended to be high in the western parts of the Paris basin, lower in the north-eastern parts of the basin, the lowest in Artois and Rheinland near to ancient Germania.
The regional difference of the ratio depended on the average number of tenures per classic manor and the percentage of servile tenure being only two-thirds as large as free tenure in the total tenures. As a rule, the farther it gets from the western parts of Gaul with Paris as a center to the eastern parts of Gaul and the neighboring areas of Germania, the smaller the number of tenure is and the higher the percentage of servile tenure. Such a tendency is supposed to result from the historical fact that while free tenures increased by land clearing in the western parts of Gaul where the development of farmland and the formation of classic manors were relatively early, those were later and the creation of servile tenure through distribution of land to slaves was plenty in the eastern or northern parts of Gaul.
In every domain, there are a few manors where the ratios of total tenure area to lord's demesne were higher than 1:4.0 or lower than 1:1.0. Such exceptional ratios was sometimes caused by the lacunas or errors of polyptychs or the inaccuracy of estimation due to the poverty of record. With the exception of such cases, such factors as geographical and topographical condition defining the space of land-clearing, lord's positive will to expand his desmesne, lord's option of the way of manor management, land donation or commendation of peasants, and the level of devastation by the plunders of the Vikings or Magyar influenced the exceptionally high or low ratios.

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