1910년대 조선총독부의 금강산 관광개발 (The Japanese Government - General of Korea’s Geumgang Mountains Touring Development during 1910s)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한일민족문제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓日民族問題硏究 / 30호 / 5 ~ 58페이지
· 저자명 : 조성운

초록

日本帝国主義の朝鮮の強制占領以来、金剛山の観光開発は朝鮮総督府の主導の下で進められた。1915年に開催された朝鮮物産共進会をきっかけに金剛山の観光開発は本格化した。こうした金剛山の観光開発は、1914年の京元線の開通とこれに伴う地域開発という地域住民の要求が反映したものと考えられる。金剛山の観光開発にあたって最優先に考慮すべきことは京元線の終着駅である元山駅から金剛山に至る交通路の整備、建設であって、この交通路は基本的には観光道路の性格を有するものであった。 金剛山の観光道路の建設は、地域駐屯の憲兵部隊の協力がもっとも重要で、これは建設過程における安全のためであった。また、道路建設は地域開発の性格をも有するものなので、江源道や当該郡庁の協力があり、さらに民間参加を促すための協賛会の活動があった。とくに、民間参加では、成秀英の事例でみる様に、自ら自分の土地と財産を寄附して道路整備や建設に乗り出したのもいる。これは、地域開発に対する有志たちの熱望の現わしとも言えよう。 道路建設は自動車の運行を前提にしていたため、金剛山道路を運行する自動車の誕生をもたらした。このように、道路交通が活性化することによって金剛山の観光は一層便利になった。京城から金剛山まで一泊二日もかかったのが、京元線と道路利用によって一日へと短縮したのである。これで、観光日数と費用もより低廉になったものと思われる。 道路建設とともに朝鮮総督府が乗り出したのは、宿泊施設の拡充であった。1910年代の金剛山には、日本人経営の旅館と朝鮮人経営の旅館があったものの、朝鮮物産共進会以降、西欧人が利用できるような宿泊施設がなくて、温井里と長安寺に西洋風のホテルを建築したのである。このホテルは朝鮮総督府鉄道局が経営しており、一般人にとっては費用が高く一般人はそれほど利用しなかったものと思われる。1924年の温井里ホテルと長安寺ホテルの宿泊率は17.5％、19.3％と2割にも及ばなかったが、これには朝鮮総督府鉄道局が近所の旅館の営業を配慮した側面もあった様に思われる。通信施設と警備施設の設置で観光客の安全と連絡もはかった。 以上のように、1915年の朝鮮物産共進会をきっかけに、金剛山の観光開発は朝鮮総督府の政策によって本格化した。1910年代における朝鮮総督府の金剛山の観光開発は、植民地支配の一環として進められたもので、それは植民地統治を通じて朝鮮が近代的な発展を遂げていることを対内外に宣伝するものであったと思われる。

영어초록

Geumgang Mountains touring development after Japan’s occupation of Korea by force was proceeded under the control of the Japanese Government- Genetal of Korea. We could confirm that Geumgang Mountains touring development officially initiated after the competitive exhibition of Chosun local products that is opened at 1915. This Geumgangsan Mountains touring development is judged to have reflected the demands of local residents regarding the opening of Gyeongwon line and related lands devlopment at 1914. The foremost matter to be repaired and constructed for Geumgang Mountains touring development was the terminal route from Wonsan station, terminal station of Gyeongwon line, to Geumgang Mountains, and thus, this traffic route fundamentally possessed the traits of a sightseeing road.
The cooperation of military police unit stationed at the region was essential for the construction of Geumgang Mountains’ sightseeing road, owing to safety matters in a road construction procedure. Furthermore, Gangwon-do Province or its county office helped as road construction had the trait of land development, and sponsoring organization operated to facilitate public involvement. As one can see in the case of Seong Suyeong especially, there are cases in which private citizens voluntarily donate their own lands and assets to repair and construct roads. This shows the passion of locals on the land development of their region.
Road construction was premised on the running of vehicles, and vehicles running on Geumgang Mountains roads have appeared. As such, Geumgang Mountains touring have become much more convenient after road traffic activated. Traffic that took one night and two days from Gyeongseong from Geumgang Mountains now takes one day if one uses Gyeongwon line and roads. Therefore, I believe that touring days or expenses have gone cheaper.
Along with a road construction, another matter that the Japanese Government-General of Korea had paid attention was the expansion of accommodations. During 1910s, inns managed by Japanese amd Koreans were established in Geumgang Mountains. However, there were no accomodations for Westernerd, so Western style hotels were built at Onjeong-ri and Jang-an temple with the competitive exhibition of Korean local products as a turningpoint. These hotels were managed by the Railway Bureau of the Japanese Government-General of Korea, but civilians didn’t visit them a lot because the costs were too high for civilians. Considering that the registering rate of Onjeong-ri hotel and Jang-an temple hotel at 1924 were under 20%, only 17.5% and 19.3% accordingly, the Japanese Government-General of Korea would have taken the business of other inns around Geumgang Mountains into consideration. In addition, it endeavored for the safety and communication of tourists through the establishment of information and guarding facilities.
In conclusion, Geumgang Mountains touring development officially initiated since the competitive exhibitions of Korean local products at 1915 was realized according to the policy of the Japanese Government-General of Korea. Therefore, Geumgang Mountains touring development of the Japanese Government-General of Korea during 1910s was achieved as a part of colonization policy. This was in effect in order to notice domestic and foreign countries that the modernization of colony Chosun was possible through the colonization.

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