1963년 정국 변동과 범국민정당운동 (Changes to the Political Situation in 1963 and the Pan-National Party Movement)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국근현대사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국근현대사연구 / 94호 / 199 ~ 228페이지
· 저자명 : 김현주

초록

5·16쿠데타 직후 박정희를 비롯한 쿠데타 주도세력이 약속했던 민정이양의 해였던 1963년 정국은 박정희의 ‘2·18 선언’, ‘3·16성명’, ‘4·8조치’ 등을 통해 여러차례 요동쳤다. 이 과정에서 다양한 정치적 행위자들의 갈등과 충돌, 이합집산이있었고, 이를 통해 정치세력과 정치지형도 재편되어 갔다. 범국민정당운동은 이와같은 급격한 정국 변동의 한 가운데서 진행된 신당창당운동이었다.
기존 연구에서 범국민정당운동은 3·16성명 발표 후 버거 주한미대사와 박정희의교감 속에서 제시된 ‘과도연합정부 수립안’에서 축소되어 추진된 ‘중도파중심정당수립운동’으로 이해되었다. 그러나 검토 결과 과도연합정부안과 범국민정당운동은유기적 관련성을 맺고 있던 것이 아니라 군사정부가 서로 다른 정치적 국면에서 제시한 각각의 전략적 카드였다. 과도연합정부수립안은 민정이양과 광범위한 사회세력의 참여를 압박하는 미국의 주장을 부분적으로 수용하면서 군정을 연장할 수있는 차선책으로 만들어진 것이었다. 반면 범국민정당운동은 사실상 군정 연장 시도가 무산된 후 선거를 통한 권력 재창출의 과정에서 추진한 것이었다.

영어초록

The leading figures of the military coup on May 16 including Park Chung-hee promised to transfer power to a civil government right after the coup in 1963, which witnesses much turbulence in the political situation due to Park’s “The 2·18 Declaration,” “The 3·16 Statement,” and “The 4·8 Measure.” In this process, various political actors underwent conflict, clash, and meeting and parting, which resulted party in the reorganization of political force and topography. The Pan-National Party Movement was to make a new political party amid these radical changes to the political situation.
Previous studies understood the Pan-National Party Movement as a “moderate-led movement of making a new political party” pushed forward based on the reduced version of “plan for an interim coalition government” proposed by the communion between American Ambassador Berger in South Korea and Park after his statement on March 16. The review results, however, found that there were no organic connections between the plan for an interim coalition government and the Pan-National Party Movement, which were respective strategic cards proposed by the military government for different political conditions. The plan for an interim coalition government was made as a second best plan to prolong the military government while accepting the demand partially from the U.S.A., which put pressure on the military government to transfer power to a civil government and promote the participation of broad social forces. The Pan-National Party Movement was, on the other hand, promoted in the process of creating power anew through an election after the military government’s attempt at prolonging its rule fell apart in reality.

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