1862년 농민항쟁과 소통의 정책 (Uprising of peasants and communication policy in the year of 1862)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국사연구 / 161호 / 283 ~ 312페이지
· 저자명 : 송찬섭

초록

The 19th century of the Joseon Dynasty was the crisis era because the politics was monopolized and corrupted by the reign of potentates, the economics was congested with the agricultural productivity and the peasants were exploited with the Problem of Three State Finance socially.
However, in the recent research, the opinion that the land productivity was largely reduced in that era is not the proper argument and the problems of the managing tax seem the financial system of the Dynasty rather than 19th century’s Problem of Three State Finance. In addition, the uprising of peasants can be seen the level of the ‘resistance and communication’ beyond the rage against exploitation, so it is considered that the 19th century had been improved through these both relationships.
Especially, large scale uprising in 1862 had the qualitative and quantitative development factors of the resistance evenly. The uprising began in the half of the three southern districts, and the numbers of participants were quite huge including most villages and various levels of people through the organization such as the ‘Hyanghoi’(鄕會). And the leaders of uprising knew the harmful effects clearly about their village tax details and asked for the correction to the authorities.
The village people had already participated for their tax before, and some heads of the villages had also tried to fix it. Because of this experience, so many people could join the uprising. When this kind of the uprising broke out in a lot of places in 1862, the government came forward to solve this matter. The government executives such as ‘Prosecution Commissioner(按覈使)’, ‘Inspection Commissioner(宣撫使)’ and ‘Royal Secret Commissioner(暗行御史)’ were sent to resolve the crisis of the uprising and positively to survey on the problems to solve. Therefore, the center of the bureaucrats made the organization to remedy of the problem of Three State Finance System(三政釐整廳) to collect the opinion from the junior officers, local governors, and intellectual people out of the office for their participation. The government made the remedy measures positively with opinions of a lot of officers and intellectual people all over the country. Even though the remedy policy failed to be enforced at once, it came to be enforced constantly.
As mentioned above, the participation of the intellectual people and communication efforts of the officers were activated relatively during the uprising of peasants in the 19th century. The history of communication was accumulated even in hard times. Those efforts for communication were well reflected on the following history. The communication method of the struggles became the basis of the popular movements, and the details regulated and sorted in the remedy policy of the Problem of Three State Finance (三政釐整策) and appeals for the remedy continued in the year of 1894. The uprising started in 1862 and led to change the policy, which shows the important example of interactive communication.

영어초록

The 19th century of the Joseon Dynasty was the crisis era because the politics was monopolized and corrupted by the reign of potentates, the economics was congested with the agricultural productivity and the peasants were exploited with the Problem of Three State Finance socially.
However, in the recent research, the opinion that the land productivity was largely reduced in that era is not the proper argument and the problems of the managing tax seem the financial system of the Dynasty rather than 19th century’s Problem of Three State Finance. In addition, the uprising of peasants can be seen the level of the ‘resistance and communication’ beyond the rage against exploitation, so it is considered that the 19th century had been improved through these both relationships.
Especially, large scale uprising in 1862 had the qualitative and quantitative development factors of the resistance evenly. The uprising began in the half of the three southern districts, and the numbers of participants were quite huge including most villages and various levels of people through the organization such as the ‘Hyanghoi’(鄕會). And the leaders of uprising knew the harmful effects clearly about their village tax details and asked for the correction to the authorities.
The village people had already participated for their tax before, and some heads of the villages had also tried to fix it. Because of this experience, so many people could join the uprising. When this kind of the uprising broke out in a lot of places in 1862, the government came forward to solve this matter. The government executives such as ‘Prosecution Commissioner(按覈使)’, ‘Inspection Commissioner(宣撫使)’ and ‘Royal Secret Commissioner(暗行御史)’ were sent to resolve the crisis of the uprising and positively to survey on the problems to solve. Therefore, the center of the bureaucrats made the organization to remedy of the problem of Three State Finance System(三政釐整廳) to collect the opinion from the junior officers, local governors, and intellectual people out of the office for their participation. The government made the remedy measures positively with opinions of a lot of officers and intellectual people all over the country. Even though the remedy policy failed to be enforced at once, it came to be enforced constantly.
As mentioned above, the participation of the intellectual people and communication efforts of the officers were activated relatively during the uprising of peasants in the 19th century. The history of communication was accumulated even in hard times. Those efforts for communication were well reflected on the following history. The communication method of the struggles became the basis of the popular movements, and the details regulated and sorted in the remedy policy of the Problem of Three State Finance (三政釐整策) and appeals for the remedy continued in the year of 1894. The uprising started in 1862 and led to change the policy, which shows the important example of interactive communication.

참고자료

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