1880년∼1910년 서울 거류 일본 상공업자의 영업실태와 활동 (The Business State and Activities of Japanese Merchants and Industrialists Living in Seoul from 1880 to 1910)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사교육연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사교육 / 106호 / 83 ~ 118페이지
· 저자명 : 김윤희

초록

Japanese society before the Sino-Japanese War didn't establish soundly the foundation of a society yet. The marketing situation of Seoul was not better than that of Incheon or Busan. Owing to Imo Army Rebellion and Gabshin Political Change, the anti-Japan sense in Seoul restricted the expansion of Japanese society. Under those situations, while a few Japanese merchants and industrialists starting to put down roots arranged their locations to expand the business foundation and made the systematic instruments to complement the unsecure base, they tried to expand the business sector out of their living locations.
The Sino-Japanese War gave the weak merchants and industrialists in Seoul a new opportunity. Though there were some Japanese people to get difficulties for the business because of the war, the young and active of them participated in the war, earned much money through military supplies and made the political foundation.
But, the Seoul marketing situation after the war was not equipped with the conditions to establish the business base and expand the capital ceaselessly. Compared to Sino and Korean merchants to have sound credits with proficient fund and information, the Japanese merchants were inferior in funds and had to overcome the difficulties on the business expansion. Only 15 percent of The existing merchants under the business from 1875 to 1905 belonged to the top group. They had to compete with new arrivers for making a quick buck from Japan. Those conditions made unsecure the construction of top level of merchants to lead the residents society.
The economic panic originated from the currency reform in 1905 brought the Japanese merchants to loss. In addition, the massive Japanese immigrants for the active management of Korea Empire caused to raise the rent price of real estate and the loan interest so that many of them felt into bankrupts. In order to obstruct the bankrupts, the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry asked banks in Seoul to delay the return of fund, loan on credit and reduce the loan interest. The more unstable situation brought many enterprises to bankrupts and at the same time induced new capital flow for making a quick buck. For short period from 1905 to 1910, only 37 percent of the existing merchants and industrialists maintained their positions and massive immigrants from Japan tried to enter the top 0.6 percent.
The top level of the merchants and industrialists among residents intended towards the political influence in order to put their economic inferiority into turnaround. Before 1910, the leading group of the residents society mostly consisted of import merchants and universal providers who had funding ability or strong political intention. They founded the chamber of commerce and industry to reduce the inner competitions, gathered their desires about commercial interests and carried out them actively. But the marketing situation of the settlement was always unstable and Japanese merchants outside the settlement couldn't be received credits. Accordingly, they asked Japanese government through its consulate to exercise its influence over the market of Korea Empire.

영어초록

Japanese society before the Sino-Japanese War didn't establish soundly the foundation of a society yet. The marketing situation of Seoul was not better than that of Incheon or Busan. Owing to Imo Army Rebellion and Gabshin Political Change, the anti-Japan sense in Seoul restricted the expansion of Japanese society. Under those situations, while a few Japanese merchants and industrialists starting to put down roots arranged their locations to expand the business foundation and made the systematic instruments to complement the unsecure base, they tried to expand the business sector out of their living locations.
The Sino-Japanese War gave the weak merchants and industrialists in Seoul a new opportunity. Though there were some Japanese people to get difficulties for the business because of the war, the young and active of them participated in the war, earned much money through military supplies and made the political foundation.
But, the Seoul marketing situation after the war was not equipped with the conditions to establish the business base and expand the capital ceaselessly. Compared to Sino and Korean merchants to have sound credits with proficient fund and information, the Japanese merchants were inferior in funds and had to overcome the difficulties on the business expansion. Only 15 percent of The existing merchants under the business from 1875 to 1905 belonged to the top group. They had to compete with new arrivers for making a quick buck from Japan. Those conditions made unsecure the construction of top level of merchants to lead the residents society.
The economic panic originated from the currency reform in 1905 brought the Japanese merchants to loss. In addition, the massive Japanese immigrants for the active management of Korea Empire caused to raise the rent price of real estate and the loan interest so that many of them felt into bankrupts. In order to obstruct the bankrupts, the Japan Chamber of Commerce and Industry asked banks in Seoul to delay the return of fund, loan on credit and reduce the loan interest. The more unstable situation brought many enterprises to bankrupts and at the same time induced new capital flow for making a quick buck. For short period from 1905 to 1910, only 37 percent of the existing merchants and industrialists maintained their positions and massive immigrants from Japan tried to enter the top 0.6 percent.
The top level of the merchants and industrialists among residents intended towards the political influence in order to put their economic inferiority into turnaround. Before 1910, the leading group of the residents society mostly consisted of import merchants and universal providers who had funding ability or strong political intention. They founded the chamber of commerce and industry to reduce the inner competitions, gathered their desires about commercial interests and carried out them actively. But the marketing situation of the settlement was always unstable and Japanese merchants outside the settlement couldn't be received credits. Accordingly, they asked Japanese government through its consulate to exercise its influence over the market of Korea Empire.

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