오장환 시의 육체와 퇴폐, 그리고 모럴의 문제-해방 이전의 시 창작을 중심으로 (The Problem of Body, Decadence, and Morality of Oh Jang-Hwan's Poetry - focused on his early poems in the colonial period)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국문학이론과비평학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국문학이론과 비평 / 16권 / 1호 / 155 ~ 190페이지
· 저자명 : 남기혁

초록

본고는 해방기 이전 오장환 시에 나타난 육체와 퇴폐를 모럴과 인륜성 문제에 연결시켜 논의하였다. 육체는 전근대적 인륜성과 식민지 근대의 물화된 현실이란 이중의 억압이 가로놓인 곳이자, 억압에 대한 저항이 출발하는 지점이다. 그것은 아버지의 질서가 지배하는 세계를 부정하려는 탈향의 선언과 낯선 도시의 타락한 현실을 폭로하려는 데카당스의 고뇌와 절규로 표출된다. 이런 점에서 오장환 초기시에서 낡은 인륜적 질서를 부정하고 도시문명이나 세계정세의 허위성에 저항하는 윤리의 거점으로서 내적 모럴이 지니는 의미가 문제가 된다. 본고는 오장환이 추구했던 내적 모럴을 육체와 퇴폐를 바라보는 분열된 시선을 통해 분석하고, 이를 냉소와 자조라는 관점에서 설명하였다.
내적 모럴에 대한 탐색은 오장환을 귀향으로 이끌었다. 고향은 이제 ‘어머니’의 헌신적 사랑을 표상하는 공간이자, 헐벗은 민중들이 식민지적 타자의 얼굴로 모습을 드러내는 공간으로 바뀐다. 그러니까 ‘탕아의 귀환’은 고향을 자신의 모럴과 새로운 공동체적 인륜성을 합치시킬 공간으로 표상하는 극적 전환을 보여준다. 이는 국가 및 민족 담론이 다양하게 분출되었던 일제말과 해방기의 시대 상황 속에서, 다른 생명파 시인들과 구별되는 정치적, 윤리적 선택을 감행했던 오장환의 시적 실천을 설명하는 근거가 된다.

영어초록

This paper aims to examine the ethical and aesthetic consciousness in Oh Jang-Hwan's poetry in the colonial period, especially focusing on the problem of morality and Sittlichkeit. Oh Jang-Hwan dealt with the subject of body and decadence in his early poems. It was related with the poet's spiritual resistance to the two negative situations. The one was the pre-modern Sittlichkeit forced by Feudal remainder. And the other was the colonial modernity as a conjuncture in which the corrupt, industrialized civilization and a fascist order at that time were main constituent parts.
The poetic subject in Oh Jang-Hwan's poetry declares the separation from the sticky order of his birth-place which has been swayed by his father's influence, and goes to strange modern city. However, the colonial modern city in his poetry couldn't furnish the spiritual refuge or the hope to future for him. While witnessing the corrupt modern city ruled by material civilization and the crisis caused by Fascism, he tried to reach the apocalyptic vision of the end of this world. So he showed the negating action against the corrupt world by way of being absorbed in the decadence of body. Therefore, one can say the decadence in his poetry is connected with morality.
One can also find the cynicism in Oh Jang-Hwan's poetic rhetoric. His poetic subject satirizes the corrupt reality through the cynical voice, or gazes himself absorbed in corrupt body through the self-ridiculous vision. In this way, the body of poetic subject becomes the field of ethical conflicts searching for the authentic morality. After this severe self-criticism, Oh Jang-Hwan found his own dwelling-place of morality. It was his birthplace which he had so seriously negated. However, his returning was not ruled by his father's order any more. His poetic subject as a prodigal son found his old and self-sacrificing mother there and the impoverished condition of rural community as well. So we can say his returning to birthplace is not a surrender to his father's order, but a reclamation of the birthplace which shows his ethical responsibility for the other's "face". Through this dialect of leaving and returning to birthplace, Oh Jang-Hwan proposes the nation and its people as a new ethical community. For him, it would certainly became the basis for establishing "new nation-state"(새나라) in the Liberating Period.

참고자료

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