고구려와 한국고유철학(3) - 천제에서 천제자로, 그리고 삼족오 - (Goguryeo and Original Korean Philosophy(3) -From Heaven Emperors to Heaven Prince Kings and The Three-Legged Raven -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고조선단군학회
· 수록지 정보 : 고조선단군학 / 21권 / 33 ~ 98페이지
· 저자명 : 박병섭

초록

There are Three kinds of philosophy: first Philosophies as axis idea, second Philosophies as modern idea, and third Philosophies as coming idea. The Korean philosophy can be explained in three ways, such as original, traditional and modern philosophy. There are five Ages in Original Philosophy of ancient Korean Philosophy: (1) The Age of the Heaven Emperor, (2) the Parallel Age with both a Heaven Emperor and Heaven Prince King, (3) the Age of King called tomb site, (4) the Parallel Age with both original Korean philosophy(the Age of King still called tomb site) and traditional Korean philosophy(Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Rule of Law), and (5) the Fusing horizons, with both original Korean philosophy(The One World consisted of Four spheres with both the living and the dead in Goguryeo tomb murals) and traditional Korean philosophy(Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Rule of Law, and that of the King name’s era).
(1) The Ages of the Heaven Emperors, who governed the world of both the living and the dead, lasts from the Hwanin(s), through Hwanung(s), to the Dangun(s) (Go[Ancient]joseon 2333 B.C.E.~239 B.C.E.) Age. These Ages govern a well-ordered Kingdom as Principle of mutural Respect (see “Joseon,” Sanhaegyeng; Gogi, “Go[Ancient]joseon” Samguk-yusa). (2) The Age of both a Heaven Emperor and Heaven Prince King lasts from the Hwanung(s), through the Dangun(s) and the Scythians, to the North-Buyo Haemosu(s). Demarcation line between Heaven Emperor's Ages and Heaven Prince King's Ages are concept sign to become the Axial Spiritual Revolution era. (see Hotaewangbimun; “King Chumong” Samguk-yusa; “The History of North and East Buyeo Kingdom,” Samguk-sagi) (3) The Age of King called tomb site are from Chumong(37 B.C.E.~) to King Gogugwon(?-371, C.E. reigned 331-371) of Goguryeo. (see “The History of Goguryeo Kingdom” Samguk-sagi; National History of Goguryo, Samguk-yusa) (4) The Parallel Age with both original Korean philosophy(the Age of King era still called tomb site) and traditional Korean philosophy(Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Rule of Law) are from King Sosurim(?-384, r. 371-384) to King Gogugyang(?-391, r. 384-391) of Goguryeo. (see “The History of Goguryeo Kingdom” Samguk-sagi) (5) The Fusing horizons Age with both original Korean philosophy(Goguryeo tomb murals) and traditional Korean philosophy(Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Rule of Law, and that of the King name’s era) are from Gwanggaeto the Great (374-413, r. 391-413) to King Bojang(?-682, r. 642-668) of Goguryeo. The three elements of Mutual Respect of the original Korean philosophy contain Inclusion of Confucianism(see Lunyu; English: Analects; traditional Chinese: 論語), Taoism(see Daodejing; English: Tao Te Ching; traditional Chinese: 老子) and Buddhism(see The Four Āgamas: the Cháng Ahánjīng 長阿含經; the Zhōng Ahánjīng 中阿含經; the Zá Ahánjīng 雜阿含經; and the Ekottara Agama or Zēngyī Ahánjīng 增一阿含經) of the traditional Korean philosophy. The Principle of Mutual Respect is distinct philosophy, because it can't deduct to the traditional philosophy of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. (see “The History of Goguryeo Kingdom” Samguk-sagi; Nanlangbimun, the epitaph about Nanlang, “the 24th King Jinheung” in “The History of Silla Kingdom” Samguk-sagi; “the 28th King Bojang” in “The History of Goguryeo Kingdom” Samguk-sagi)
(5) The Goguryeo tomb murals represent the view of those who inhabit the world of the dead, whose knowledge takes the same knowledge-form as that of natural gods with a personality. After collapse of three Joseon(Gojoseon), this tomb murals appear the Ex-gojoseon area in places such as Bohai Bay [Han Kingdom] and Goguryeo Kingdom, etc., and historically succeed the Gojoseon worldview. These murals encompass the one world ultimately shared by both the live man and dead man, the world that consists of the heaven, the mountains, the ground(where murals on the wall of tombs are visible), the underground world(the ultimate site of the tomb). The heaven world consists of the sun, moon, and 28 stars. Samjokoh(The three-Legged Raven) is the representation of sun in the heaven world. The three-Legged Raven is a sign and symbol of Heaven Emperor or Sun King, or Sun King's messengers in the ground world. Heaven Emperor or Heaven Prince King's rule means harmony of the heaven world and earth world. This harmony is the doctrine of mutual respect that is present in original Korean philosophy. This three-Legged Raven serves as a sign and symbol from the time of the Gojoseon Empire to the Koguryo Empire. This Symbol gradually disappears from the great Silla Dynasty(668~935 of the Silla Kingdom 57 B.C.E.~935), through the Goryeo Dynasty(1269~1392 of the Goryeo Kingdom 918~1392), to the new Joseon Dynasty(1392~1897), during the Age of first traditional Philosophies as axis idea. This symbol reappears for a while during the Heaven Prince King Ages of the Goryeo Dynasty Empire(918~1269), and new again during the new Joseon Dynasty Empire(1897. 10.12.-1910.8.29.). I found this symbol of the three-Legged Raven in historical Drama of Goguryeo Kingdom, from the Age of second Philosophies as modern idea in South Korea(1948~). The three-Legged Raven is a symbol of Korean people and Korean Nationalism in South Korea. In Korean mind, South Korea is in a state of crisis. According to South Korea's national anthem, Baekdu Mountain and the East sea are symbols of Korea's holy territory, eternally granted by the of the Korean Heaven Emperor. But Korea lost Baekdu Mountain to China, and the East Sea to Japan. Recovering the three-Legged Raven symbolizes recovering the Gojoseon and Goguryeo Empires. The three-Legged Raven symbolizes coming of a symbol of new Civilizations and of new third Philosophies as uncertain future idea. Koreans hope, as symbolized by this three-Legged Raven, for a recovery of peaceful empire that was seen during the peaceful Gojoseon Empire and peaceful Goguryeo Empire. This three-Legged Raven symbol represents a single, peaceful world of “홍익인간=弘益人間=Hongik Ingan=Benefits for all mankind”.

영어초록

There are Three kinds of philosophy: first Philosophies as axis idea, second Philosophies as modern idea, and third Philosophies as coming idea. The Korean philosophy can be explained in three ways, such as original, traditional and modern philosophy. There are five Ages in Original Philosophy of ancient Korean Philosophy: (1) The Age of the Heaven Emperor, (2) the Parallel Age with both a Heaven Emperor and Heaven Prince King, (3) the Age of King called tomb site, (4) the Parallel Age with both original Korean philosophy(the Age of King still called tomb site) and traditional Korean philosophy(Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Rule of Law), and (5) the Fusing horizons, with both original Korean philosophy(The One World consisted of Four spheres with both the living and the dead in Goguryeo tomb murals) and traditional Korean philosophy(Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Rule of Law, and that of the King name’s era).
(1) The Ages of the Heaven Emperors, who governed the world of both the living and the dead, lasts from the Hwanin(s), through Hwanung(s), to the Dangun(s) (Go[Ancient]joseon 2333 B.C.E.~239 B.C.E.) Age. These Ages govern a well-ordered Kingdom as Principle of mutural Respect (see “Joseon,” Sanhaegyeng; Gogi, “Go[Ancient]joseon” Samguk-yusa). (2) The Age of both a Heaven Emperor and Heaven Prince King lasts from the Hwanung(s), through the Dangun(s) and the Scythians, to the North-Buyo Haemosu(s). Demarcation line between Heaven Emperor's Ages and Heaven Prince King's Ages are concept sign to become the Axial Spiritual Revolution era. (see Hotaewangbimun; “King Chumong” Samguk-yusa; “The History of North and East Buyeo Kingdom,” Samguk-sagi) (3) The Age of King called tomb site are from Chumong(37 B.C.E.~) to King Gogugwon(?-371, C.E. reigned 331-371) of Goguryeo. (see “The History of Goguryeo Kingdom” Samguk-sagi; National History of Goguryo, Samguk-yusa) (4) The Parallel Age with both original Korean philosophy(the Age of King era still called tomb site) and traditional Korean philosophy(Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Rule of Law) are from King Sosurim(?-384, r. 371-384) to King Gogugyang(?-391, r. 384-391) of Goguryeo. (see “The History of Goguryeo Kingdom” Samguk-sagi) (5) The Fusing horizons Age with both original Korean philosophy(Goguryeo tomb murals) and traditional Korean philosophy(Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Rule of Law, and that of the King name’s era) are from Gwanggaeto the Great (374-413, r. 391-413) to King Bojang(?-682, r. 642-668) of Goguryeo. The three elements of Mutual Respect of the original Korean philosophy contain Inclusion of Confucianism(see Lunyu; English: Analects; traditional Chinese: 論語), Taoism(see Daodejing; English: Tao Te Ching; traditional Chinese: 老子) and Buddhism(see The Four Āgamas: the Cháng Ahánjīng 長阿含經; the Zhōng Ahánjīng 中阿含經; the Zá Ahánjīng 雜阿含經; and the Ekottara Agama or Zēngyī Ahánjīng 增一阿含經) of the traditional Korean philosophy. The Principle of Mutual Respect is distinct philosophy, because it can't deduct to the traditional philosophy of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. (see “The History of Goguryeo Kingdom” Samguk-sagi; Nanlangbimun, the epitaph about Nanlang, “the 24th King Jinheung” in “The History of Silla Kingdom” Samguk-sagi; “the 28th King Bojang” in “The History of Goguryeo Kingdom” Samguk-sagi)
(5) The Goguryeo tomb murals represent the view of those who inhabit the world of the dead, whose knowledge takes the same knowledge-form as that of natural gods with a personality. After collapse of three Joseon(Gojoseon), this tomb murals appear the Ex-gojoseon area in places such as Bohai Bay [Han Kingdom] and Goguryeo Kingdom, etc., and historically succeed the Gojoseon worldview. These murals encompass the one world ultimately shared by both the live man and dead man, the world that consists of the heaven, the mountains, the ground(where murals on the wall of tombs are visible), the underground world(the ultimate site of the tomb). The heaven world consists of the sun, moon, and 28 stars. Samjokoh(The three-Legged Raven) is the representation of sun in the heaven world. The three-Legged Raven is a sign and symbol of Heaven Emperor or Sun King, or Sun King's messengers in the ground world. Heaven Emperor or Heaven Prince King's rule means harmony of the heaven world and earth world. This harmony is the doctrine of mutual respect that is present in original Korean philosophy. This three-Legged Raven serves as a sign and symbol from the time of the Gojoseon Empire to the Koguryo Empire. This Symbol gradually disappears from the great Silla Dynasty(668~935 of the Silla Kingdom 57 B.C.E.~935), through the Goryeo Dynasty(1269~1392 of the Goryeo Kingdom 918~1392), to the new Joseon Dynasty(1392~1897), during the Age of first traditional Philosophies as axis idea. This symbol reappears for a while during the Heaven Prince King Ages of the Goryeo Dynasty Empire(918~1269), and new again during the new Joseon Dynasty Empire(1897. 10.12.-1910.8.29.). I found this symbol of the three-Legged Raven in historical Drama of Goguryeo Kingdom, from the Age of second Philosophies as modern idea in South Korea(1948~). The three-Legged Raven is a symbol of Korean people and Korean Nationalism in South Korea. In Korean mind, South Korea is in a state of crisis. According to South Korea's national anthem, Baekdu Mountain and the East sea are symbols of Korea's holy territory, eternally granted by the of the Korean Heaven Emperor. But Korea lost Baekdu Mountain to China, and the East Sea to Japan. Recovering the three-Legged Raven symbolizes recovering the Gojoseon and Goguryeo Empires. The three-Legged Raven symbolizes coming of a symbol of new Civilizations and of new third Philosophies as uncertain future idea. Koreans hope, as symbolized by this three-Legged Raven, for a recovery of peaceful empire that was seen during the peaceful Gojoseon Empire and peaceful Goguryeo Empire. This three-Legged Raven symbol represents a single, peaceful world of “홍익인간=弘益人間=Hongik Ingan=Benefits for all mankind”.

참고자료

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