일제시기 경기도 여주지역의 임야조사사업과 소유실태 (Forestry Survey Project and Ownership Status in Yeoju, Gyeonggi-do, during the Japanese Colonial Period)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 로컬리티 인문학 / 30호 / 45 ~ 85페이지
· 저자명 : 강정원

초록

경기도 여주군에서는 10개 면 158개 동리에 대해 1919년 3월부터 임야조사사업을 실시했다. 임야조사사업은 신고서 작성 수집 → 소유권 조사와 일필지측량 → 임야조사부 작성 → 사정의 순서로 진행되었고, 여주군은 10개 면 11,156필, 38,561.4328정보에 대해 1923년 11월 10일 사정을 완료했다. 공시 열람 후 사정대로 확정된 소유권은 사법재판소의 판결로도 부정할 수 없는 절대성이 부여되었다.
임야조사 결과 나타난 여주군 임야조사사업의 특징은 첫째, 여주군 총 10개 면 11,156필, 38,561.4328정보 가운데 국유림은 2,811필지(25.2%) 9,368.57정보(24.3%)였고, 민유림은 8,333필지(74.8%) 29,192.08정보(75.7%)로 민유림의 비중이 월등히 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 사례연구가 이루어졌던 창원 김해군에 비해 임야의 영세성이 덜했고, 여주군이 양반 재력가들의 집중적인 토지 매입지역이었기 때문에 조선인 산림 대지주가 많았다. 셋째, 창원 김해군의 경우 국유림 분쟁이 압도적으로 높았던 것에 비해 여주군은 민유림 분쟁률이 높았다. 넷째, 일본인 지주, 자본가의 진출이 두드러지지 않았다. 당시 조림대부를 통한 일본인 자본의 진출이 전국적이고 대규모였던 것에 비해 여주군은 일본인 자본의 진출이 많지 않았다. 이는 여주군이 대표적인 미작지대로서 양반들의 대규모 토지소유가 형성된 지역으로, 이들은 비교적 식민지 시기에도 재력을 유지하면서 토지소유를 유지할 수 있었다. 이러한 경향성이 산림에도 나타나면서 일본인들의 진출은 제한적일 수밖에 없었다.

영어초록

A forestry survey project was implemented for 158 dongri (villages) in 10 myeon (townships) starting from March 1919 in Yeoju-gun, Gyeonggi-do. The forestry survey project was carried out in the following order: preparation and collection of statement, investigation of ownership and survey by parcel, preparation of forestry survey book, and assessment. Assessments were completed for 38,561.4328 jeongbo (1 jeongbo is approximately 9917m2 or 1ha) of 11,156 parcels in 10 townships in Yeoju-gun on November 10, 1923. After the public announcement and reading of the survey results, the ownership of respective parcels decided in accordance with the assessment was granted absolute title, which could not be denied even by a judicial court decision.
The characteristics of the Yeoju-gun forestry survey project revealed in the forestry survey results are as follows: First, of the 38,561.4328 jeongbo of 11,156 parcels in 10 townships in Yeoju-gun, state-owned forests accounted for 9,368.57 jeongbo (24.3%) of 2,811 parcels (25.2%), while civil-owned forests accounted for 29,192.08 jeongbo (75.7%) of 8,333 parcels (24.3%). Thus, it was found that the proportion of private forests was much higher than national forests. Second, compared to findings from the case study of Gimhae-gun, Changwon, the survey results of Yeoju-gun showed fewer small-scale woods and fields and many large forest landowners of Korean nationality. Such a state of affairs was possible because people of considerable wealth, including high-ranking officials and big merchants from Seoul, intensively purchased lands in Gyeonggi-do. Also, Yeoju, in particular, was a representative area for rice production and yangban residency. Third, compared to the case of Gimhae-gun, Changwon, where there were overwhelmingly many disputes over national forests, there was a high rate of disputes over private forests in Yeoju-gun. A total of 45 cases of disputes regarding 58 parcels occurred during the survey. Such a rate is not low in Gyeonggi-do, since the figure accounts for 5.2% of the 554 cases of actual disputes (involving 1,108 parcels) that occurred in Gyeonggi-do encompassing 29 counties (gun) (1,437 cases involving 272,777 parcels) excluding disputes that were reconciled or withdrawn. According to the details of disputes verified through Imyawondo (Illustration of Woods and Fields) and Imyajosaseo (A Forestry Survey Report), there were more disputes over civil-owned forests than over state-owned forests in Yeoju-gun. Out of a total of 83 cases of disputes, 33 cases involved state-owned forests, while 50 cases involved civil-owned forests. Fourth, the advancement of Japanese landowners and capitalists was not noticeable in Yeoju. The inflow of Japanese capital through afforestation loans occurred on a large scale nationwide. However, the advancement of Japanese capital into Yeoju-gun was insignificant. As mentioned earlier, Yeoju-gun was a representative rice farming area where large-scale land ownership belonged to Korean yangban (aristocrats). It was relatively possible for this class of people than others to maintain land ownership while maintaining financial power even during the colonial period. As such a tendency developed in forestry, Japanese advancement was inevitably limited.

참고자료

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