한국 여성운동의 첫 번째 물결과 여성 권리의 제한적 확대: 한국 그리스도교를 중심으로 (The First-wave Feminism and the Limited Expansion of Women’s Rights in Korea: With Special Reference to Korean Christianity)

서지정보

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· 저자명 : 안교성

초록

In commemoration of the 120th anniversary of the “Yeogwon Tongmun”(Declaration of Women’s Rights), the Ministry of Gender Equality of the Korean Government organized various memorial events. As well-known, the Feminist movement in the West developed step by step and thus can be neatly divided into several waves. In particular, the first-wave feminism was the women’s suffrage movement, a domestic political movement which aimed at expanding the right to vote from men to women in a particular nation.
In Korea, however, this was not the case. The feminist movement in Korea was deployed under the double-layered contexts: patriarchism and feudalism, and imperialism. Thus, the feminist movement in the Korean peninsula did not evolve into a domestic political movement like that in other Western countries; instead, it grew into an international political movement, on the one hand, and a social rather than a political movement, on the other. Not surprisingly, this extraordinary historical backdrop resulted in the complexity of the Korean feminist movement.
In general, it can be said that the Korean women’s right to vote was given in the legislation of the nation-building process of Korea: it was declared in the Charter of the Provisional Government in 1919, and again, in the Establishment of The Constitution in 1948. The fact that the first-wave feminism in Korea was achieved through the legislation rather than struggle predisposed the future of the next-waves. While the waves in the West can be viewed as an evolution type, those in Korea can be seen as a co-existence and mixed type.
Meanwhile, Korean Christianity has greatly contributed to Korean feminism, and yet it also shared the latter’s limitations. Korean Christianity led the modernization of Korean women, comprised of the majority of Korean women patriots, equipped numerous Korean women to secure the pool of dedicated leaders for church and state, including Korean feminism. However, Korean Christianity in effect did not successfully overcome the challenges such as imperialism, patriarchism and feudalism, and ecclesiastical democratization, all of which resulted in the reduced role in the first-wave feminism in Korea.

영어초록

In commemoration of the 120th anniversary of the “Yeogwon Tongmun”(Declaration of Women’s Rights), the Ministry of Gender Equality of the Korean Government organized various memorial events. As well-known, the Feminist movement in the West developed step by step and thus can be neatly divided into several waves. In particular, the first-wave feminism was the women’s suffrage movement, a domestic political movement which aimed at expanding the right to vote from men to women in a particular nation.
In Korea, however, this was not the case. The feminist movement in Korea was deployed under the double-layered contexts: patriarchism and feudalism, and imperialism. Thus, the feminist movement in the Korean peninsula did not evolve into a domestic political movement like that in other Western countries; instead, it grew into an international political movement, on the one hand, and a social rather than a political movement, on the other. Not surprisingly, this extraordinary historical backdrop resulted in the complexity of the Korean feminist movement.
In general, it can be said that the Korean women’s right to vote was given in the legislation of the nation-building process of Korea: it was declared in the Charter of the Provisional Government in 1919, and again, in the Establishment of The Constitution in 1948. The fact that the first-wave feminism in Korea was achieved through the legislation rather than struggle predisposed the future of the next-waves. While the waves in the West can be viewed as an evolution type, those in Korea can be seen as a co-existence and mixed type.
Meanwhile, Korean Christianity has greatly contributed to Korean feminism, and yet it also shared the latter’s limitations. Korean Christianity led the modernization of Korean women, comprised of the majority of Korean women patriots, equipped numerous Korean women to secure the pool of dedicated leaders for church and state, including Korean feminism. However, Korean Christianity in effect did not successfully overcome the challenges such as imperialism, patriarchism and feudalism, and ecclesiastical democratization, all of which resulted in the reduced role in the first-wave feminism in Korea.

참고자료

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