영국에서 극우정당은 살아남을 것인가?: 영국국민당(British National Party)과 다문화주의 (The British National Party and Multiculturalism)

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초록

This paper attempts to analyse the rise of the British National Party, a far-right political party in the UK, in terms of its criticism of multiculturalism. Since 2001BNP, a minor political party in the UK, has rapidly grown in an electoral system which favours two main parties. The BNP was founded in 1982 following a split within the National Front. Until 1999, when Nick Griffin took over the leadership of the BNP and began ‘modernising’ the party, it was regarded a minor fascist party.
Since 2000 anti-multiculturalism has become a central tenet of BNP ideology. The BNP has argued that multiculturalism serves to marginalise the indigenous population at the expense of immigrants and minority ethnic groups. Following the September 11 attacks in the US and the July 7 attacks in London, the BNP started attracting rapidly growing levels of support that soon reached unprecedented heights. The electoral success of the BNP resulted from the support of the white-working class who felt increasingly cut off from the Labour party which was under the leadership of Blair.
Along with modernisation the BNP appeared to be distancing itself from its earlier fascist activities. The shift from racial to cultural threats also led the party to devote more energy to mobilising anti-Muslim sentiment. However, the BNP soon revealed its stand on scientific racism emphasising racial differences, and gave this as a reason why immigrants could not be accepted within the British nation. In fact, the BNP has stood on the tradition of racial fascism. In the local elections of 2012, the BNP failed to gather votes and, according to the media, the BNP‘s electoral success was over; Griffin’s strategy of modernisation lay in ruins. The BNP failed to attract large numbers of middle-class voters, women, and young people. It appeared that the BNP‘s raciest ideology alienated the voters. On the other hand, new extreme-right wing parties like the UKIP and EDL started gaining popularity. The BNP paved the way for the emergence of the new right-wing groups.

영어초록

This paper attempts to analyse the rise of the British National Party, a far-right political party in the UK, in terms of its criticism of multiculturalism. Since 2001BNP, a minor political party in the UK, has rapidly grown in an electoral system which favours two main parties. The BNP was founded in 1982 following a split within the National Front. Until 1999, when Nick Griffin took over the leadership of the BNP and began ‘modernising’ the party, it was regarded a minor fascist party.
Since 2000 anti-multiculturalism has become a central tenet of BNP ideology. The BNP has argued that multiculturalism serves to marginalise the indigenous population at the expense of immigrants and minority ethnic groups. Following the September 11 attacks in the US and the July 7 attacks in London, the BNP started attracting rapidly growing levels of support that soon reached unprecedented heights. The electoral success of the BNP resulted from the support of the white-working class who felt increasingly cut off from the Labour party which was under the leadership of Blair.
Along with modernisation the BNP appeared to be distancing itself from its earlier fascist activities. The shift from racial to cultural threats also led the party to devote more energy to mobilising anti-Muslim sentiment. However, the BNP soon revealed its stand on scientific racism emphasising racial differences, and gave this as a reason why immigrants could not be accepted within the British nation. In fact, the BNP has stood on the tradition of racial fascism. In the local elections of 2012, the BNP failed to gather votes and, according to the media, the BNP‘s electoral success was over; Griffin’s strategy of modernisation lay in ruins. The BNP failed to attract large numbers of middle-class voters, women, and young people. It appeared that the BNP‘s raciest ideology alienated the voters. On the other hand, new extreme-right wing parties like the UKIP and EDL started gaining popularity. The BNP paved the way for the emergence of the new right-wing groups.

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