개항기 부산의 일본인 상인과 부산수산회사 (Japanese merchants in the late nineteenth century Pusan and their fisheries company)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 고려대학교 민족문화연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 민족문화연구 / 69호 / 417 ~ 463페이지
· 저자명 : 이시카와 료타

초록

본고는 19세기 말 조선 출어 일본어민이 생산한 가공 해산물의 유통기구가 나가사키(長崎) 화상(華商)과 재조서 일본상인 간의 경쟁관계 속에서 형성된 과정을밝힌다. 1860년에도 막부의 유통 통제가 해체된 후 일본 국내산 해산물의 집산지의 지위를 잃게 된 나가사키 일본상인들은 조선에 출어하는 일본인 어민의 생산물을 독점적으로 집하하고 화상을 통해 상하이 등에 수출했다. 한편 부산 일본상인은 이것에 대항하여 1889년 부산수산회사를 조직하여 출어 어민들의 해산물을 매입하고 중국 천진에 직접 수출하기 시작했다. 그러나 수출 시장 정보의 수집 및 송금 시스템 구축에 불안한 상태에서 부산수산회사의 시도는 완전한 성공을 이르지 못했다. 결과적으로 부산수산회사 등 재조선 일본인 상인이 매입한 제품은 일본에 있는 화상의 손을 빌려 수출되게 되었고 상호 의존적인 수출구조가형성되었다.

영어초록

In this article, the author describes the international distribution system of Korean marine products··· i.e. dried Bicho de Mar, dried shark’s fin.
and dried abalone··· from 1870 to 1900. Those commodities were produced on the coast of Korea and consumed mostly in North-China. The analysis tries to locate Korea in the intra-Asian trade network during this period.
After the opening of Korea in 1876, marine products began to be exported from Korean treaty ports to Shanghai and other Chinese ports via Nagasaki. These were produced by indigenous Korean fishermen and transacted by Japanese merchants residing at Korean ports and Chinese merchants at Nagasaki. After the mid-1880’s. Japanese fishermen coming to Korea seasonally increased sharply. They produced marine products too, and carried their products to Nagasaki by themselves, without going through Korean treaty ports. These products were also exported to China by Chinese merchants at Nagasaki. Accordingly, it can be said that Chinese merchants at Nagasaki initiated the formation of the international distribution system of Korean marine products.
Japanese merchants at Korean ports were mostly excluded from the trade in the products of Japanese fishermen, although these accounted for a fairly large proportion of Korean marine products. So, as modernistic services related to international trade (regular liners, trade exchange services, business firms, and so on) were gradually set up, Japanese merchants in Korea tried to export Korean marine products directly to Tianjin and other North-Chinese ports by themselves, so to re-organize the distribution system profitably for them. This direct exporting, although interrupted by the Sino-Japanese War, continued to increase. On the other hand, in Nagasaki, the ability of Chinese merchants to collect cargos declined on 1890’s, because Japanese fishermen, who had come seasonally to the Korean coast, began to settle there. Contrarily, the ability of Japanese merchants at Korean ports to collect cargos rose for the same reason.
However, some Japanese merchants in Korea did not export marine products to China directly, but rather to Nagasaki. In these cases, Japanese merchants intended to take advantage of Chinese knowhow in marine product transactions, and offered their ability to collect cargos.
In conclusion, Korea, after its opening, was included in the trade network of Chinese merchants at Nagasaki, as one of the most important producing centers of marine products for shipment to China. Japanese merchants in Korea tried to partake in the trade of these products. In some cases, Japanese merchants were hostile to their Chinese counterparts, but in other cases they were co-operative and inter-supplementative.

참고자료

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