북한의 ‘大同江文化論’과 고조선인식 검토 (Studies on the Taedonggang Culture and Old Joseon in North Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고대학회
· 수록지 정보 : 선사와 고대 / 43호 / 39 ~ 70페이지
· 저자명 : 조법종

초록

북한학계가 1993년 단군릉 발굴 이후, 1998년 새롭게 제기한 ‘대동강문화’는 ‘대동강 유역 문화’를 줄인 말로 평양을 중심으로 한 대동강 유역이 인류 고대문명의 발상지이자 중심지로서 세계 4대문명에 비견되며 기원전 4천년 후반기에 문명사회로 변화, 발전하였다는 것이다. 대동강문화의 내용은 대동강유역의 신석기문화와 단군릉, 비파형동검문화로 대표되는 청동기시기의 부락, 성곽, 고인돌문화 등으로 집약된다. 이 내용은 북한학계의 고조선연구사에서 기존 고조선 요동중심설에서 평양중심설로 전환된 획기적 사건이며 단군을 역사화한 이래 평양을 중심으로 구석기이래 우리 민족의 중심거점이 대동강변 평양일대였음을 강조하는 논리였다. 이 논의는 북한 고고학계가 중심이 되어 추진하였는데 평양성지화를 통해 민족시조 단군-동명왕-왕건-김일성으로 연결되는 북한의 역사적 정통성과 공간적 성역화를 추진하는 목적의 결과물이었다. 한편 이는 북한 고대사의 민족주의 색채를 완성시켜가는 일련의 과정으로 중국이 추진한 요하문명론과 정치적 목적성에서 유사성을 띠고 있다.

영어초록

In 1998, North Koreaa Archaeologist and Historian declare The Taedonggang Culture(大同江文化). It means that Taedonggang Culture was historical center of Korean History. Archaeologists of North Korea deepened their study of many primitive cultural relics and remains of the Tangun(檀君) and ancient Korea periods, which were unearthed in the basin of the River Taedong in recent years. And they systematized their study results on a scientific and theoretic basis to formulate Taedonggang culture. On the basis of the relics of the Paleolithic age (former, middle and latter terms) and the human fossil unearthed, archaeologists confirmed that the basin was the cradle and centre of the primitive culture where ancestors lived through regular stages of human evolution and the initial culture of humankind, the neolithic culture and the culture of the bronze age began to develop. The basin is the centre of ancient culture and the cradle of the Korean nation.
Tangun, the ancestral father of the nation, founded ancient Korea, the first ancient state in the east, centering on Pyongyang, early in 3000 B.C., opening up a new era of civilization in the basin. 14,000 dolmens and stone coffins discovered in this area vividly show culture after the accession of Tangun. Hwangdae fort and Jitap-ri and Songhyon-ri earthen castles built to defend the country prove that the basin was the centre of ancient culture where a state was formed in the early age. And many large village sites resembling a town were discovered in the area. While studying the relics and gold goods, earthenware and ironware of the bronze age found in the basin, the archaeologists ascertained that the area was the centre of the advanced ancient civilization. It was confirmed that five crops were grown and silkworms raised in the basin at the earliest age in the world and constellation, the origin of astronomy, and letters of the age of civilization were used by inhabitants in the basin. North Korean historian has achieved academic community-centered view of history in Pyongyang.
Another parts, Chinese Archaeolgist assert The Liao River Civilization(遼河文明). Recently Chinese academics have started a claim that the origin of the Chinese civilization the began to Yellow River. They changed that the origin of Chinese civilization is not one, but Chinese civilization began in several places. Then, Liao civilization(遼河文明) of the oldest civilizations have been proposed. Korean archeological circle pay a special attention to the remains, for Bipa-shapred bronze daggers (also known as Liaoning bronze daggers) have been excavated in this area. The title aims to discover the changes from Bronze Age to the upper stream of Liao River and the Great Ling River region, and the relations with neighboring cultures. the remains near the Great Ling River, which were indirectly or directly related to Gojoseon. The Taedonggang Culture and Liao River Civilization is similar to the theory for political purposes. More precise studies are needed for both theories.

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