조선후기 양산 甘同倉의 설치와 변천 (Installation and Transition of Yangsan Gamdongchang in the Late Chosun Dinasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 한국문화 / 66호 / 361 ~ 391페이지
· 저자명 : 문광균

초록

Gamdongchang was a warehouse located in Jwayimyeon Yangsangun Gyeongsang Province in the Late Chosun Dinasty. This warehouse was installed in the process of maintaining naval defense system after Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. In the 2nd year during the reign of Gwanghaegun (1610), Choi Hyun established Gamdongchang in Gubeopgok, the hub of waterway transport for the purpose of ‘military warehouse’ in order to smoothly pay Saporyang, the salary of archers and gunners belonging to naval posts distributed on the southern coast of Gyeongsang Province.
And then as the lease of Gyeongsang Province began to offer as Hojo in the 12th year during the reign of Gwanghaegun (1620), Gamdongchang collected the lease of counties and prefectures in the Nakdonggang Estuary. Gamdongchang acted as the role of ‘Jochang’. Thanks to Kapsul-Yangchon in the 12th year during the reign of Injo (1634) and Gongjakmi policy in the 2nd year during the reign of Hyojong (1651), not only new financial resources were kept in Gamdongchang but distribution quantities increased. Yeongnam Daedong Law conducted by the government in the 4th year during the reign of Sukjong (1678) had a decisive impact on the expansion of Gamdongchang. Due to this policy, Gamdongchang collected Daedong rice of 8 eups such as Gamdongchang Gimhae, Miryang, Yangsan, Yeongsan, Uiryeong, Changnyeong, Haman, Hyeonpung. Thus Gamdongchang leaped into the hub warehouse of Gyeongsang Province.
However, Gamdongchang fell into a decline due to marine transportation policy promoted by the government in the middle of the 18th century. In the 36th year during the reign of Yeongjo (1760) and 41th year during the reign of Dongwang (1765), 3 Jochang such as Gasanchang, Masanchang, Samrangchang were installed in Jinju, Changwon, Miryang, respectively. As 3 Jochang was installed, 8 eups, which were originally sok ups of Gamdongchang, were divided into Masanchang and Samrangchang. In addition, shipping charges reserved in Gamdongchang began to be transferred to Jochang. Therefore, grain paid as a tax such as lease and Daedong rice and others has not been kept in Gamdongchang after 3 Jochang. Given that the inherent function of a warehouse is storage, this was a decisive factor in the decline of Gamdongchang.
Reconstruction of Geumjeongsanseong Fortress in the 8th year during the reign of Sunjo (1808) resulted in depleting slightly left financial resources of Gamdongchang. In this process, grain of Gamdongchang in Yangsan and Sansanchang in Gimhae was transferred to reconstruction costs of Geumjeongsanseong Fortress. As shown above, Gamdongchang fell into a decline after the mid-18th century. And it was renamed to Namsachang in the 4th year during the reign of Gojong (1867) but disappeared before long leaving 300 years of history behind.

영어초록

Gamdongchang was a warehouse located in Jwayimyeon Yangsangun Gyeongsang Province in the Late Chosun Dinasty. This warehouse was installed in the process of maintaining naval defense system after Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592. In the 2nd year during the reign of Gwanghaegun (1610), Choi Hyun established Gamdongchang in Gubeopgok, the hub of waterway transport for the purpose of ‘military warehouse’ in order to smoothly pay Saporyang, the salary of archers and gunners belonging to naval posts distributed on the southern coast of Gyeongsang Province.
And then as the lease of Gyeongsang Province began to offer as Hojo in the 12th year during the reign of Gwanghaegun (1620), Gamdongchang collected the lease of counties and prefectures in the Nakdonggang Estuary. Gamdongchang acted as the role of ‘Jochang’. Thanks to Kapsul-Yangchon in the 12th year during the reign of Injo (1634) and Gongjakmi policy in the 2nd year during the reign of Hyojong (1651), not only new financial resources were kept in Gamdongchang but distribution quantities increased. Yeongnam Daedong Law conducted by the government in the 4th year during the reign of Sukjong (1678) had a decisive impact on the expansion of Gamdongchang. Due to this policy, Gamdongchang collected Daedong rice of 8 eups such as Gamdongchang Gimhae, Miryang, Yangsan, Yeongsan, Uiryeong, Changnyeong, Haman, Hyeonpung. Thus Gamdongchang leaped into the hub warehouse of Gyeongsang Province.
However, Gamdongchang fell into a decline due to marine transportation policy promoted by the government in the middle of the 18th century. In the 36th year during the reign of Yeongjo (1760) and 41th year during the reign of Dongwang (1765), 3 Jochang such as Gasanchang, Masanchang, Samrangchang were installed in Jinju, Changwon, Miryang, respectively. As 3 Jochang was installed, 8 eups, which were originally sok ups of Gamdongchang, were divided into Masanchang and Samrangchang. In addition, shipping charges reserved in Gamdongchang began to be transferred to Jochang. Therefore, grain paid as a tax such as lease and Daedong rice and others has not been kept in Gamdongchang after 3 Jochang. Given that the inherent function of a warehouse is storage, this was a decisive factor in the decline of Gamdongchang.
Reconstruction of Geumjeongsanseong Fortress in the 8th year during the reign of Sunjo (1808) resulted in depleting slightly left financial resources of Gamdongchang. In this process, grain of Gamdongchang in Yangsan and Sansanchang in Gimhae was transferred to reconstruction costs of Geumjeongsanseong Fortress. As shown above, Gamdongchang fell into a decline after the mid-18th century. And it was renamed to Namsachang in the 4th year during the reign of Gojong (1867) but disappeared before long leaving 300 years of history behind.

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