993년 고려−거란 간 갈등 및 여진 문제 (The Conflict between Goryeo and Khitan in 993, and the "Jurchen issue")

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 현실 / 85호 / 259 ~ 303페이지
· 저자명 : 최덕환

초록

The Goryeo government continued its northern campaign ever since the dynasty was founded in 918, and successfully expanded its territory to the Daedong-gang river line and then to the Cheongcheon-gang river line. Such governmental efforts resulted in the Goryeo troops‘ arrival at the Abrok-gang river area as well. Then the Jurchen troops in the region started to fight back. Goryeo's attempt to crush them in 984 failed miserably.
At the time, the Khitan government also began staging military actions against the Jurchen tribes, and the Khitans had some initial victories against the Jurchens. Yet after a couple of failed campaigns, the Khitans got really worried. With both the Goryeo and Khitan governments significantly concerned about the prospect of their future dealings with the Jurchen tribes, and neither of them being able to crush the Jurchen threat on their own, a compromise had to be made.
Then, suddenly the Khitan government decided to launch an invasion upon Goryeo soil. So Hang-deok and his troops invaded Goryeo in 984, and argued that Goryeo was violating Khitan territory and should send an emissary of surrender to the Khitan court immediately. Seo Hi rebutted such claim, and insisted that the Goryeo government would send an emissary to Khitan once the Jurchen tribes blocking the pathway to Khitan were sufficiently neutralized. For some reasons, So Hang-deok decided to retreat, and later the Khitan government 'curiously' acknowledged Goryeo's claim on the soil they(the Khitans) once militarily demanded.
It seems like the Goryeo government was able to use the 'Jurchen card' to its advantage, which was a liability to the Khitan government even more so than to the Goryeo government. By promising to crush the Jurchen tribes living in the vicinity of the Abrok-gang river, and taking some pressure off the Khitan government's shoulders, the Goryeo government seems to have succeeded in deflecting the Khitan invasion, and most of all obtaining the Khitan government's official recognition of Goryeo's right of owning the region south of the Abrok-gang river line.

영어초록

The Goryeo government continued its northern campaign ever since the dynasty was founded in 918, and successfully expanded its territory to the Daedong-gang river line and then to the Cheongcheon-gang river line. Such governmental efforts resulted in the Goryeo troops‘ arrival at the Abrok-gang river area as well. Then the Jurchen troops in the region started to fight back. Goryeo's attempt to crush them in 984 failed miserably.
At the time, the Khitan government also began staging military actions against the Jurchen tribes, and the Khitans had some initial victories against the Jurchens. Yet after a couple of failed campaigns, the Khitans got really worried. With both the Goryeo and Khitan governments significantly concerned about the prospect of their future dealings with the Jurchen tribes, and neither of them being able to crush the Jurchen threat on their own, a compromise had to be made.
Then, suddenly the Khitan government decided to launch an invasion upon Goryeo soil. So Hang-deok and his troops invaded Goryeo in 984, and argued that Goryeo was violating Khitan territory and should send an emissary of surrender to the Khitan court immediately. Seo Hi rebutted such claim, and insisted that the Goryeo government would send an emissary to Khitan once the Jurchen tribes blocking the pathway to Khitan were sufficiently neutralized. For some reasons, So Hang-deok decided to retreat, and later the Khitan government 'curiously' acknowledged Goryeo's claim on the soil they(the Khitans) once militarily demanded.
It seems like the Goryeo government was able to use the 'Jurchen card' to its advantage, which was a liability to the Khitan government even more so than to the Goryeo government. By promising to crush the Jurchen tribes living in the vicinity of the Abrok-gang river, and taking some pressure off the Khitan government's shoulders, the Goryeo government seems to have succeeded in deflecting the Khitan invasion, and most of all obtaining the Khitan government's official recognition of Goryeo's right of owning the region south of the Abrok-gang river line.

참고자료

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