도덕정당화의 근거로서 장수(長壽)

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 한국도덕윤리과교육학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 도덕윤리과교육
ㆍ저자명 : 김윤기

목차

I. 서 론
II. 도덕 정당화론에 대한 기존의 유형
III. 이제마의 도덕정당화 근거 : 命數自美
IV. 결 론

한국어 초록

현대 사회에서 과학의 발달은 그 어느 때보다 급속하게 이루어지고 있다. 그 결과 인간은 물질적으로 윤택한 생활을 하게 되었지만, 다른 한편으로 부작용도 적지 않은 것이 사실이다. 특히 정신적 가치에 대한 소홀은 인간 존재의 존엄성을 훼손하는 단계에 이르렀다. 윤리 도덕에 대한 회의 역시 이러한 분위기와 무관하지 않다. 또한 인간 삶의 본질적 요소로서 존재와 진리 및 선에 대한 탐구를 무용론으로 여기기도 한다. 하지만, 물질적 풍요로움 추구가 인간 삶의 궁극적 목적이 될 수는 없다. 우리는 존재자체에 대한 물음과 진리 및 선에 대해서도 탐구해야 한다. 그 가운데 윤리학의 주된 영역인 선에 대한 물음은 개별화되고 다양화되는 현대인의 삶에 절실하다. 특히 왜 선하게 행동해야 하는지에 대한 정당화의 논의가 없다면, 왜 도덕적 행동을 해야 하는지에 대한 확신이 없게 되어 지속적이고 일관된 행동을 유지하기 어렵다. 이러한 시각에서 기존 도덕정당화론의 유형이 주는 문제점을 살펴보고 새로운 차원에서 도덕정당화론에 대한 논의를 할 필요가 있다. 이 글은 이와 같은 문제의식에서 사상의학자로 알려져 있는 이제마의 철학을 통해 도덕정당화론을 분석하였다.

영어 초록

This thesis approaches with a new viewpoint about moral justification. The topics of Ethics are generally classified with three major parts, which are what is right or wrong in morality, why one should be moral, and why one is moral. These three topics such as moral justification, moral behaviorism, and moral epistemology have a strong link with one another, and these moral questions can take a perfect form when they are fully in accordance. However, just those who can judge what is good and evil, or what is right or wrong can ask why one should be moral and how one can be moral. whose resource is originated from moral epistemology. The ultimate question of Ethics is moral justification like philosophical argument as to why one should have good deeds, why one shouldn't have wrong deeds. Thus this thesis is to present a different interpretation about moral justification that is ultimate question of Ethics through a new approach. It is a shortcut to find moral justification which can be used in even greatly individualized modern society. I believe this way also is very beneficial for the situation that Ethics is taken under menace concerning just its survival
The way of moral justification to date is mainly classified with Heavenly mandate, individual selfishness and mankind selfishness . First, the theory of Heavenly mandate is that one should obey the mandatory order from the God because one think he should get his punishment caused by his evil or his reward caused by his good. This position can be a controversial issue in that Heavenly mandate is always right. Second, individual selfishness has a strong persuasive power in the point that one will increase his benefit if one behaviors in a good way. Those who always keep a promise and pay back his debt can always be deserved to be happy by themselves as well as respected by others. However, the idea of Platon is separated from the reality in that Ethics can't guarantee that one can live a happy life, even though it is need to live so. Lastly, Mankind selfishness is compulsorily accepted as a kind of social contract on the condition that everyone should obey the moral. Even though keeping the moral regulation is not accorded with his personal advantage, one intend to be moral because he realizes that his personal profit results from the common benefit. This theory is universally accepted but is critically blamed for a demerit that Ethics degrades to the standard of the law.
On the other hand, in a viewpoint of the oriental philosophy, especially Confucianism which had controlled the Joseon(朝鮮) society, the reason why one should be moral is recovery of ideal human being. Confucius insisted Jen(仁) should be a basic element of a human being and being moral leads to a natural human being. Human behavior to recover the human nature that is covered with selfishness can be the moral behavior as well as the natural behavior of a human being. However moral justification of these Confucian is valid when the theory of Xing-shan-shuo(性善說), which means human nature is originally good, is accepted. If one believe that human nature is originally evil, recovery of human nature leads to a wicked act. The general people are not likely to accept that the idea of Confucian was based on the recovery of human being in a metaphysical philosophy.
Lee Je-ma(1837-1900), who suggested very different viewpoint from others of his time, had a very concrete reason why one should do moral behavior. He advocated good deeds are linked to a psychological satisfaction and stability as well as physical health and are the sources of the longevity with a good life. Modern society is gradually getting non-moral. Therefore the best way to decrease these non-morality is that each individual realizes the necessity of the moral behavior and put it into practice. If one believe Lee Je-ma's theory that moral behavior leads to a longevity with psychological satisfaction as well as physical health, more people will do moral behavior.

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