[사회과학]주민 참여와 NGO

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주민참여는 지역사회주민의 복지실현을 위한 핵심요소로서 지역사회복지의 활성화를 위해서 가장 많이 사용되는 용어이다.

최고의 자료 보증함.

목차

I. 주 민 참 여

1. 주민참여의 개념···············································································4
2. 주민참여의 정의···············································································4
3. 주민참여의 필요성············································································4
4. 주민참여의 배경···············································································5
5. 주민참여의 기능···············································································7
6. 주민참여의 방법···············································································8
7. 주민참여의 단계··············································································10
8. 주민참여의 형태··············································································11
9. 지역사회복지 증진을 위한 주민참여의 방안········································14
10. 주민참여의 사례············································································18

II. NGO 활동

1. NGO의 개념
1) NGO의 실체적 개념····································································20
2) 유사개념과 구별 ·····································································20
2. NGO의 분류
1) 활동수준에 따른 분류··································································22
2) 조직 구조에 따른 분류································································22
3) 법적 요건에 따른 분류································································22
4) 단체기능에 따른 분류··································································22
5) 활동영역에 따른 분류 ·······························································23
3. 비영리단체의 발생원인과 발달배경
1) 비영리단체의 발생원인 ·······························································23
2) 비영리단체의 발달배경································································25
4. NGO의 영역과 기능 및 역할
1) NGO의 영역 ·············································································26
2) NGO의 기능··············································································26·
3) NGO의 역할··············································································27
5. 한국의 NGO
1) 한국NGO의 역사 ·······································································28
2) 한국 NGO의 현황 ······································································30
3) 한국 NGO의 문제점 ···································································31
4) 한국 NGO의 발전방안 ································································33
6. NGO기관의 예
1) 함께하는 시민사회 ·····································································34

본문내용

I . 주 민 참 여

1. 주민참여의 개념
주민참여는 지역사회주민의 복지실현을 위한 핵심요소로서 지역사회복지의 활성화를 위해서 가장 많이 사용되는 용어이다.
주민참여는 시민참여라는 용어와 구분 없이 쓰이고 있다. 주민참여는 지방정부의 주민으로서의 시민의 참여를 의미하는 것으로서 시민의 지역거주성을 보다 강조한 개념으로서 지방자치 또는 지방행정과 관련하여 빈번히 사용되는 개념이라 하겠다. 주민참여를 조직화한 것이 소위 NGO(Non-Governmental Organization) 또는 CSO(Civil Society Organization)으로 불리는 시민단체이다.
따라서 주민참여란 지역사회주민들이 공식적인 정부의 의사결정과정에 관여하여 주민들의 욕구를 정책이나 계획에 반영되도록 하는 적극적인 노력이다.

2. 주민참여의 정의

주민참여(citizen participation)란 학자에 따라 다양하게 정의되고 있으나 대체로 광의의 개념인 투표와 시위 등을 포함하는 전반적인 의사결정과정에서의 영향력을 행사하는 행위로 이해할 수 있다.
① 커닝햄(Cunningham) - "지역사회의 일반주민이 그 지역사회의 일반적 사항과 관련된 결정에 대하여 권력을 행사하는 과정"
② 헌딩톤(Huntington) - "정부의 정책결정에 영향을 미치려고 의도하는 일반주민의 행위"
③ 스텐버그(Steinberg) - "단순히 정보를 획득하는 것에서부터 정보와 권고를 제시하고 정책결정에 참여하며 또한 통제를 가하는 데까지 포함되는 것"
④ 갬블과 웨일(Gamble &Weil) - "사회사업실천과 관련되는 것으로서 문제가 있는 여건을 변화시키고 자신의 삶이나 다른 사람의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 정책과 프로그램에 영향력을 행사하고자 하는 개인들과 집단들의 적극적이고 자발적인 참여"

3. 주민참여의 필요성

주민참여는 주민들이 스스로의 복지에 영향을 미치는 사항에 대해 적극적인 참여를 통해 보다 높은 수준의 사회복지서비스를 정부로부터 제공받고자 하는 주민의 적극적 노력이며, 주민의 선호나 열망에 바탕을 두고 정책을 입안․결정함으로써 주민의 지지기반을 공고히 함으로써 행정의 능률성을 확보할 수 있다는 측면에서 그 필요성을 이해할 수 있다.

참고 자료

강상욱〔2001〕.「우리나라 NGO의 성장에 관한 연구-시민단체를 중심으로」. 서울대 행정학과 박사학위논문 강상욱〔2002〕. 「독립논단 : NGO의 성장과 인적자원의 특성에 관한 연구」. 한국행정연구원 박영선 .「참여연대 지배구조에 대한 연구」. 성공회대학교 시민사회복지대학원 정동철〔2001〕.「한국 사회운동의 제도화에 관한 연구: 환경운동연합과 참여연대의 사례」. 연세대학교 학위논문 김남선,김만희〔1999〕. 우리나라 비정부조직(NGO)의 특성과 그 발전과제에 관한 연구.
김수현, 2001,『주요국의 NGO 현황과 제도. NGO란 무엇인가』,89-126, 서울 : 아르케.
김채형, 1992, 『OECD회원국의 NGO활동: 개발원조를 중심으로』, 한국국제협력단.
박길성, 1996,『세계화와 지구적 민주주의: 정체성의 변화와 NGO』,세종연구소.
박상필, 2001,『NGO를 알면 세상이 보인다』, 서울: 한울.
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