Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, 원어강의 시험대비

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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome is a severe form of acute lung injury characterized by sudden and progressive noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, increasing bilateral infiltrates, hypoxemia refractory to supplemental oxygen, and reduced lung compliance.

Pathophysiology of ARDS
- occurs as a result of an inflammatory trigger that initiates the release of cellular and chemical mediators, which injure the alveolar capillary membrane.
- Protein-rich fluid leaks into the alveolar and interstitial spaces, impairing ventilation and surfactant.
- Without surfactant, the lungs become extremely stiff, the alveoli collapse, and severe hypoxemia develops.
- Blood returning to the lung for oxygen is shunted back to the heart markedly reduced in oxygen.

Risk factors for ARDS
• Direct injury to the lungs such as smoke inhalation, pulmonary contusion
• Indirect insult to the lungs such as septic shock or massive fluid resuscitation

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