중국의 종교정책과 법치화수준의 제고 ― 수정 『종교사무조례』를 중심으로

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 대한중국학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 中國學 / 61권
ㆍ저자명 : 김경아, 강경구

목차

1. 서론
2. 법치를 통한 보장
3. 법치를 통한 통제
4. 법치영역의 확대
5. 결론

한국어 초록

본 논문은 수정 종교사무조례 가 시진핑정부의 종교정책을 반영하고 있다는 전제하에, 신 설된 조항을 중심으로 법치화가 강화된 부분을 살펴보고, 그것이 함의하는 바를 분석하였다. 수정조례에 신설된 조항을 보면, 수정조례는 다음의 세 가지 특징이 두드러진다. 첫째, 법치 를 통한 보장이고, 둘째는 법치를 통한 통제이며, 셋째는 법치영역의 확대이다. 중국정부는 종교조례에 신설된 조항을 통해 자신들의 가이드라인에 따르는 종교단체의 권익은 보호해주 지만, 그들이 설정한 합법의 선 바깥에 위치한 자들은 엄격히 통제하겠다는 의지를 보여주고 있다. 엄밀히 말하면 수정조례는 종교계에 혜택보다는 통제가 더 많은 비중을 차지한다. 하지 만 그럼에도 불구하고 우리가 주목해야 하는 이유는 중국의 종교정책이 더 이상 소극적 관리 가 아닌, 중국특색사회주의 종교이론에 부합하도록 적극 관리하겠다는, 종교정책의 패러다임 의 전환을 의미하기 때문이다.

영어 초록

On 26th of August in 2017, the Religious affairs Ordinance(2017) has been proclaimed through the Cabinet order. In this article, the reinforced parts of the rule by law have been examined focusing on the new provisions under the assumption that the Religious affairs Ordinance(2017) reflects the religious policy of the government of the president Xi Jinping. Further, their implications have been analyzed. If we have a look at the new provision, there are three main features. The first feature is the assurance through the rule by law. The Religious affairs Ordinance(2017) specifies the legal person registration of religious service facility, religious college and social security of the religious personnel. This can be seen as the result from the fact that the Chinese government has observed, studied the problems of the religious world and has accepted the recommendations from this field in an active manner. Secondly, the control through rule by law has been reinforced. The Religious affairs Ordinance(2017) controls commercial activities of religion through the new provisions, blocks the extremism of the religion and emphasizes the ‘Sinicization’ of religion. This can be seen as a countermeasure, which reflects the problems and features of each religion of China. The provisions for prohibition of the commercialization of religion aims Buddhism and Daoism while the provisions for prohibition of the extremism of religion aims Islam and Tibetan Buddhism. Further, the Sinicization of religion is relevant to all religions but would be executed focusing more on the rapid growth of Christianity. The third one is expansion of the area of rule by law. The Religious affairs Ordinance(2017) has established new provisions for the religious personnel and what they upload as well as has reinforced the level of restriction. This is not in the online area or extraterritoriality but to give the message that the government is monitoring their activities. The improvement of the level of rule by law of the Religious affairs Ordinance(2017) is mainly related to ‘legal protection’ and ‘illegal blocking’. The Chinese government is willing to protect the rights and interests of religious organizations, which follow their guidelines but to control the personnel, who are out of the legal lines set by the government, very strictly. In specific, the Religious affairs Ordinance(2017) consists more of regulation than benefits for the religious world. However, the reason why we must pay attention to this ordinance is that it implies the switch of the paradigm of religious policy for management of the policies to comply with the religious theory of religious theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics but not for the passive management any longer.

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