Transformations * Questions ? Yes-no questions (1) SPEAKER A : Are you going out tonight? ... (32) (b) → surface structure (32) (a) → deep structure, d-structure, base structure, underlying structure ... (b) How much note did you say you think she will take ? of what I said?
S * Feature-based syntax · Cleft sentences (99) (a) It was a car that she bought91. ... N’‘ · Misleader about X-bar syntax ① An unmodified constituent which has the same distribution - The ... X-treble-bar ) *Pro-constituent one ( cf. (48) ally an N-bar, not an NP * Advantage claimed for X-bar syntax
More on transformations * Substitution rule called NP-MOVEMENT (1) The car has been put ? ... to be out of the bag (b) The fur seems ? to be flying (C) The shit seems ? ... of the subordinate clause in sentence > ?
semantics - adequate syntax of proforms will have to specify which sentence-positions particular proforms ... B : I can’t stand him · Adequate description of proforms will have to be concerned with the syntax and ... appropriate syntactic structure to the sentences → Speaker intuitively recognizes that sound-sequences
s’[comp how][s John to solve the problem]] (C) It is unclear [s’[comp how][s John to solve the problem ... of an infinitive (56) [s’ for [s him to resign]] (57) *I don’t know [s’ whether [s John to leave]] ( ... 58) *[s’ him to leave] would be a mistake (64) John tried [s’ PRO to be a good soldier/*good soldiers
→(93) [s’i who2 [ si np2 is certain [s’j np2 to win]]] ... →(87) [s’ COMP [s you will do what]] →(88) [s What2 [s will you do np2]] (92) Who is certain to win? ... will win (b) Mary thinks that she3 will win (33) [s Mary considers her(self to be the best candidate
man [s[comp that][s I saw who]] → (46) the man [s[comp who that][s I saw -]] → (48) the man [s[comp that ... is ungrammatical → (12) INTERNAL S-BAR FILTER Any surface structure containing an S-bar embedded within ... ⇒ (19) SUBJECT FILTER Any surface structure containing a nonimperative clause without an overt subject
who that][s I met - ]]=S-structure = WH-DELETION ⇒ (C) the man [s’[comp that][s I met - ]]=Surface structure ... go * (14) (a) the man [s’[comp that][s I met who]]=D-structure = WH-MOVEMENT ⇒ (b) the man [s’[comp ... Topic (89) (a) [s’‘[topic this book] [s’ COMP [s I really like what]]] = WH-MOVEMENT ⇒ (b) [s’‘[topic
No single application of any transformation can move a string of elements which do not form a continuous ... →(115) [s’1 COMP1 [s1 she will say [s’2 [comp2 that][s2 she did whatf] ... [s’ comp [ s John to like Bill ] ] = NP-MOVEMENT ⇒ (b) comp John2 seems [s’ comp [s np2 to like Bill
28) (a) she left because of a headache (of - NP) (b) she left because she had a headahce (S) ⇒ (29) because ... will succeed ⇒ (25) sure : A, +[-[of, about]-NP], +[-(that)-S] < before > (26) (a) I left before the ... party (= NP) (b) I left before the party started (=S) ⇒ (27) before : P, +[-NP], +[-S] < because > (
Semantic Analysis: Going beyond syntax, I'm intrigued by the ability ng and deep learning is pivotal ... latest transformer-based architectures. ... transformer models. 3) Research Projects: Practical experience is essential in AI.
The syntax-semantics mismatch structure is not a prototype structure, but a transformation from a certain ... generation mechanism of the syntax-semantics mismatch structure. ... within the syntax-semantics mismatch structure (pseudo possessive).
More complex syntax and interrogatives are easily incorporated into the imperative. ... predicting which help the learners construct, transform and apply L2 knowledge. - Planning : previewing ... Linguistic stimulus elicits a mediating response that is self-stimulating, which is covert and invisible
parts of speech in syntax, but rather formed an abnormal grammatical structure in which ‘both words ... In the aspect of ‘transformation’, I approached by deconstructing the outline of a noun through the degree ... anagrams and postpositions from the angle of grammarization from two angles, ‘functional transition’ and ‘transformation
즉 통사론(syntax)은 구(phrase), 절(clause) 그리고 문장(sentence)을 형성하는 단어를 결합하고 있는 규칙에 관한 것이다. ... Chomsky는 각기 다른 유형의 문장들에서 나타내는 표면구조의 규칙성을 설명하기 위해 변형문법(transformational grammar)을 제안했다. ... 구절구조 나무그림 아래의 예에서 본 바와 같이 문법규칙이 적용되어 산출된 문장일지라도 표면구조(surface structure)와 심층구조(deep structure)의 두 가지 수준에서
Detailed categories Language system in general: phonology, syntax, lexicon, semantic analysis Symbolic ... linguistics 1960s: generative-transformational linguistics - Noam Chomsky trying to show that human ... Human can be conditioned to respond in desired ways by giving reinforcement Generative transformational
생성변형문법(generative transformational grammar) 1) 두 이론 간의 차이 2) 촘스키의 문법 3) Aspects of he theory of syntax을 ... 생성변형문법(generative transformational grammar) - 생성변형문법은 변형문법, 생성문법, 변형생성문법 등 여러 가지 호칭으로 불려지고 있다. - 생성변형문법이론과 ... do →can mean→can say.