Traditional Approach to Metaphor

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Traditional Approach to Metaphor

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1 The Comparison Theory
2 The Substitution Theory
3 The Interaction Theory

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Traditionally, metaphor is regarded as a rhetorical device. For Aristotle, metaphor is defined as deviation from ordinary usage, consisting in “giving the thing a name that belongs to something else” (Aristotle, 1954:6). In his works Poetics and Rhetoric (1954), Aristotle discusses the rhetoric function of metaphor and generically defines metaphor as the application to one thing of the name belonging to another. According to this view, metaphor is viewed as a matter of extraordinary, rather than that of ordinary language and a characteristic of language alone.
Among the traditional views on metaphor, the most representative ones are the Comparison Theory, the Substitution Theory and the Interaction Theory.
1 The Comparison Theory
The earliest research on metaphor dates from Aristotle, who is the founder of the Comparison Theory. His interpretation of the definition and the function of metaphor produce a far-reaching effect upon the explanation of the linguistic phenomenon for no less than two thousand years.

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