화쟁사상의 분쟁해결 적용 가능성 연구

서지정보

ㆍ발행기관 : 21세기정치학회 ㆍ수록지정보 : 21세기정치학회보 / 13권 / 2호
ㆍ저자명 : 정천구

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론
Ⅱ. 화쟁사상의 기본 이념
Ⅲ. 화해와 회통의 방법
V. 결 론

Abstract

한국어 초록

이 논문의 목적은 원효의 화쟁사상을 분석하여 그 기본이념과 화쟁방법이 현실 세계의 갈등과 분쟁 해결에도 적용될 수 있는가를 검토하려는 것이다. 화쟁사상의 기본 이념은 일심과 무애로 볼 수 있다. 일심은 모든 중생의 기본 바탕이며 돌아가야 할 곳이다. 일심에는 욕심내고 다투는 생멸의 마음과 고요하고 평등한 진여(眞如)의 마음이 공존하고 있다. 진여의 마음이 자비심을 일으켜 생멸로 나아가고 생멸의 마음이 깨달음을 통해 진여를 회복하는 동적인 관계를 통해서 일심이 회복되고 다툼이 해소된다. 그러나 원효의 일심은 그의 무애의 정신으로 인해 절대화되지 않고 있다. 그럼으로써 집단이기주의와 이데올로기에 대한 열광주의를 낳는 인집(人執)과 법집(法執)을 피할 수 있다. 이러한 기본적인 사유체계는 그대로 정치적 사회적 갈등에도 적용될 수 있다. 화쟁의 방법으로서 원효는 극단적 집착에서 벗어나게 할 것과 일심이라는 공통의 기반을 활용할 것, 그리고 쟁론의 어느 당사자에게도 동의하지도 않고 반대하지도 않는 자세를 취할 것을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 화쟁사상의 기본 이념과 방법은 그의 깊은 인간이해에서 나온 것이라 할 수 있으며 국내적 국제적 갈등과 분쟁해결의 기본 원칙으로도 적용될 수 있다고 본다. 나아가 인도(India)가 그의 전통사상인 비폭력과 정도(正道 right paths)를 인도 외교정책의 원칙으로 발전시킨 것과 같이 우리는 화쟁사상을 한국외교정책의 기본이념의 하나로 발전시킬 수 있다고 본다.

영어 초록

Wonhyo (617-686) has been one of the greatest thinkers of the indigenous Korean philosophical tradition. Throughout his works, one of his main aims was to reconcile the doctrinal controversies among the schools of the Indian and Chinese Buddhism. His idea of Reconciliation has been inspired major subsequent Korean thoughts and become one of the main currents of Korean thoughts.
This work aims at defining the core of the Wonhyo's theory of Reconciliation and its implication to the conflict and dispute resolution in the real world. It seems that the basic ideas and methods of the theory of reconciliation of doctrinal controversies can be applied to the conflict and dispute resolution.
I found that the core concepts in Wonhyo's theory of reconciliation are one-mind and greed-free behavior. According to Wonhyo, there is no controversy that can not be reconcile if we recover our one-mind.
His notion is that one-mind transcends the subject and object and all kinds of oppositions. There are two sides in the one-mind, one being the mind of absolute truth and the other the mind of rebirth. With the dynamic interrelationship between the two sides, they recover one-mind and thereby realize reconciliation.
We can apply the idea of reconciliation through finding a common ground like one-mind to the dispute resolution. Whether they are political conflicts or international disputes, if they find their common interests and goals, they can easily find the ways of harmonization.
In Wonhyo's works, we can find several specific methods of reconciliation. The first thing is to free conflicting sides from their extreme attachment to their arguments or positions. Those extremist attitudes, in Wonhyo's theory, come from their cling to their perception of a person or a dharma.
Perception of a person is developed to the group egoism or extreme nationalism while a perception of a Dharma is apt to be the extreme devote to their one-side truth. Wonhyo's notion advises us to realize the reality and to free ourselves from our extreme attachment to our position in order to achieve reconciliation.
Secondly, Wonhyo's concept of one-mind hints us to find a common interest and a goal among the disputed parties. Finding common ground, one can easily develope a sense of community and a way to live and prosper together. What Wonhyo teaches us is, however, that we should not be seized again by the concept of oneness. We should be flexible and free from being seized again on a common interest or a goal.
Finally, Wonhyo advises the reconciliator how to behave between the conflicting parties. Agreeing with one party's position, there will be no solution. At the same time if he agrees with all the parties, they quarrel more seriously. On the contrary if he disagrees with both, he may become their common enemy.
Do not agree and do not oppose to any party is Wonhyo's wisdom of reconciliator. It means that the reconciliator can disagree with any party's argument for he can easily find false notion in their words, while he can agree if he tries to find the real meaning of the words. This wisdom in Wonhyo's theory of reconciliation can be used by the negotiator in the international disputes.
In conclusion, I realized that even if Wonhyo's theory of reconciliation dealt with the doctrinal controversies among Buddhist schools it can be used as a wisdom of dispute resolution. His philosophy and way of thinking give us very important insights in our efforts to resolve internal and international disputes alike. In this respect I propose that the basic idea of Wonhyo's theory of reconciliation be one of the Korea's external policy principles just as India made its foreign policy guidelines from its traditional thoughts like non-violence and right paths.

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