[mocirobiology]Genes - Structure Replication and Mutation
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Chapter 11
Genes: Structure, Replication, and Mutation
Terms and concepts
clone
population of cells that are genetically identical
genome
all genes present in a cell or virus
haploid – one set of genes
diploid – two sets of genes
genotype
specific set of genes an organism possesses
phenotype
set of observable characteristics
DNA as Genetic Material
established by several critical experiments
Fred Griffith (1928)
Oswald T. Avery, C. M. MacLeod, and M. J. McCarty (1944)
Alfred D. Hershey and Martha Chase (1952)
Transforming principle
The Central Dogma
Nucleic Acid Structure
Examples of nucleosides
DNA Structure
nitrogenous bases
A, T, G, C
pentose sugar
deoxyribose
chain of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds
usually a double helix, composed of two complementary strands
base pairing rules
A with T
G with C
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