Protein

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Each of the 20 amino acids found in proteins can be distinguished by the R-group substitution on the a-carbon atom. There are two broad classes of amino acids based upon whether the R-group is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The hydrophobic amino acids tend to repel the aqueous environment and, therefore, reside predominantly in the interior of proteins. This class of amino acids does not ionize nor participate in the formation of H-bonds. The hydrophilic amino acids tend to interact with the aqueous environment, are often involved in the formation of H-bonds and are predominantly found on the exterior surfaces proteins or in the reactive centers of enzymes.

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