China’s Expansion in the Pacific Ocean: A Realist Account

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Realism is a theory with three core beliefs: (i) great powers are the principal actors of world politics, (ii) their behaviour is influenced mainly by their external environment, (iii) and calculation about power dominate their thinking (Mearsheimer, 2001: 9-10). Although all realist’s scholars agree on those main acceptances and are mainly descriptive in their studies, the way they deal with international relations issues, and especially with the management of rising powers, can vary a lot. Chinese influence is growing at an alarming pace, and the state is expanding in the South China Sea, a zone on which it claims its sovereignty. In a 2015 defence white paper, the Chinese government declared that “The traditional mentality that land outweighs sea must be abandoned, and great importance has to be attached to managing the seas and oceans and protecting maritime rights and interests.” (ChinaPower, 2017). Chinese policy creates tensions with its neighbours and with the United States.

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