산업폐수처리

소개글

산업폐수처림 - 미리 보기에서 목차 또는 글 확인해 주세요

목차

1장. 서론 ·································································· p. 5
1. 선정동기 ······························································ p. 5
2. 서론 ····································································· p. 5

2장. 식품산업폐수 ···················································· p. 6

1. 식품산업폐수의 특성 ·············································· p. 6
1.1. 식품산업폐수 ·························································· p. 6
1.2. 식품산업의 용수 사용 현황 ········································ p. 7
2. 식품산업의 폐수 발생 현황 및 경로 ························· p. 8
2.1. 식품산업폐수의 발생 ················································ p. 8
2.2. 수질오염 ······························································ p.10
2.2.1. 수질오염의 원인 과 종류 ······································ p.10
2.2.2. 수질오염의 결과 ················································ p.11

3. 산업폐수배출 ························································· p.12
3.1. 산업폐수배출현황 ···················································· p.12
3.1.1. 업종별 폐수배출현황 ············································ p.12
(1). 낙농제품 및 아이스크림 제조시설 ······························ p.12
(2). 곡물가공품 제조시설 ············································· p.13
(3). 전분 및 당류 제조시설 ··········································· p.13
(4). 수생동물가공품 제조시설 ········································ p.14
(5). 조미료 및 식품첨가물 제조시설 ································ p.18
(6). 비알콜성 음료품 제조시설 ······································· p.22
3.2. 산업폐수의 배출관리 ··············································· p.26
3.2.1 국내 산업폐수배출허용기준 현황 ······························ p.30
3.2.2 국외 산업폐수배출허용기준 현황 ······························ p.31
(1) 미국의 배출허용기준 ·············································· p.31
(2) 일본의 배출허용기준 ·············································· p.32
3.3. 산업폐수배출허용기준 설정 체계 ································· p.34
3.4. 산업폐수배출기준[생태독성관리제도] 시행 ······················ p.35
3.5. 산업폐수배출허용기준 개선 방안 ································· p.36
3.5.1. 산업폐수배출허용기준 운영상의 문제점 ······················ p.36
3.5.2. 산업폐수배출허용기준 운영 개선방안 ························· p.36


3장. 식품산업의 폐수처리기술 ································· p.38

1. 업종별 발생 폐수량 및 폐수처리 현황 ······················ p.38
1.1. 낙농제품 및 아이스크림 제조시설 ································ p.38
1.2. 곡물가공품 제조시설 ················································ p.39
1.3. 전분 및 당류 제조시설 ············································· p.41
1.4. 수생동물가공품 제조시설 ··········································· p.43
1.5. 조미료 및 식품첨가물 제조시설 ··································· p.45
1.6. 비알콜성 음료품 제조시설 ········································· p.48

2. 폐수처리기술의 종류 및 효과 ·································· p.50
2.1. RBC SYSTEM ····················································· p.50
2.1.1. RBC SYSTEM 현황 및 기능향상 ··························· p.50
2.1.2. RBC와 폭기조 혼합공정을 이용한 폐수처리 ················ p.53
2.2. 활성슬러지법 ···································
······················ p.56
2.3. 화학적인 처리방법 ·················································· p.58

3. 산업폐수처리수의 재이용 ········································ p.61
3.1. 기술·경제적 측면 ·················································· p.61
3.2. 폐수 재이용 현황 ·················································· p.62
3.3. 재이용에 따른 편익 ··············································· p.63
3.3.1. 사용편익 ························································· p.63
3.3.2. 비사용편익 ······················································ p.64



4장. 처리기술의 문제점 및 대책 ···························· p.65

1. 식품산업폐수처리기술의 일반적인 문제점 ················ p.65
1.1. 고도처리기술 ······················································· p.65
1.1.1. 유출수의 TSS 농도 증가 ····································· p.65
1.1.2. 유출수의 BOD 농도 증가 ···································· p.66
1.1.3. 유출수의 NH4-N 농도 증가 ································· p.66
1.1.4. 유출수의 NO3-N 농도 증가 ································· p.66
1.1.5. 유수의 T-P 농도 증가 ········································ p.67
1.2. 활성슬러지 공법 ···················································· p.67
1.2.1. 포기불량 ························································· p.67
1.2.2. 부유물 유출 ····················································· p.68
1.2.3. 슬러지 벌킹 현상 ·············································· p.69

2. 처리기술의 대한 효율적인 대책 ······························ p.71
2.1. 유기물 및 질소, 인의 제거율 향상 ······························ p.71
2.1.1. F/M 비 및 FN/M 비 변화에 따른 제거율 ················· p.71
2.1.2. 내부반송비 변화 따른 제거율 ································ p.72
2.1.3. Anoxic/Oxic 반응조 부피비 변화에 따른 제거율 ········ p.73


5장. 결론 ································································ p.75


 참고문헌 ···························································· p.76

본문내용

1장. 서론

1. 선정동기
M공원 앞을 지나다 보면 하수도에서 악취가 코를 찌른다. 이는 뭐라 말 할 수 없는 역겨운 냄새이다. 그 악취를 맡으며, 과연 이 폐수들은 어떻게 발생되고, 어떻게 처리 되며, 재이용 될까? 라는 의문점을 가졌고, 그중에서도 평소 음식에는 까다로운 나는 식품공정과정에서 발생되는 폐수는 처리 후 어떻게 활용되고 있는지 알아보고, 처리방법에는 문제점이 없는지 보완점이 필요한지에 대해서 심도있게 다루어 보려고 한다.
또 얼마 전에는 전 세계를 뒤흔들었던 일본대지진·후쿠시마 원전사고가 있었다. 정말이지 인류의 종말론을 떠오르게끔 하는 사건중의 사건이라 할 수 있었다. 물론 전세계가 관심을 가지고 집중하고 있었지만, 난 후쿠시마 원전의 방사능 냉각수가 바다로 유입 됐다는 소식이었다. 난 그 소식을 접하면서 “과연 우리나라의 산업공정에서 나오는 폐수들은 어떻게 처리되고 있을까?” 라는 의문점 또한 가지게 되었다.

2. 서론
산업폐수는 생활하수·축산폐수와 함께 수질오염을 일으키는 3대 점오염원 가운데 하나이다. 보통 공장폐수만을 말하기도 하는데, 그것은 제조업 시설에서 배출되는 폐수의 오염농도가 다른 업종보다 높고 오염부하량이 절대적으로 많기 때문이다. 그러나 산업이 다양화·고도화·대형화함에 따라 각 분야에서 새로운 형태의 오염원이 생겨날 뿐 아니라 배출량이 적고 오염도가 낮았던 기존의 산업 분야에서도 점차 심각한 상태로 확산되는 추세이다.
산업폐수는 생활하수에 비하여 배출량이 상대적으로 적고 처리율이 높지만 오염농도가 높고 오염 부하량의 절대량도 많기 때문에 철저한 관리가 필요하다. 국내에서 산업폐수는 수질환경보전법에 의하여 관리된다. 산업단지의 경우 개별처리보다는 효율성이 높은 종말처리를 유도하기 위하여 설치비의 50%를 국고에서 지원하고 있다. 산업폐수에 포함되는 물질은 유기화합물질·유류·영양염류·병원성미생물·수은·용존 및 부유물질·색도·중금속·무기오염물·산·알칼리·세제류 등이다. 다양한 오염물질을 대상으로 하므로 안전한 처리를 위해서는 대상 오염물에 적합한 여러 가지 방법이 동원되어야 한다.

참고 자료

1) [대한환경공학회], 엄태규, 고충렬, 이판재, 573면, 1997
2) [식품폐수 처리시스템의 최적화 방안 연구], 이진영, 17면, 2005
3) [배출부과금 부과제도 개선방안], 환경부. 17면, 2001
4) 폐수배출 조사연구, 수질연구부, 140면-143면, 1999
5) [식품폐수 처리시스템의 최적화 방안 연구], 이진영, 19-20면, 2005
6) [1229-4144], 903면, 황하선, 윤춘경, 김지태, 909면, 2010
7) [1225-1852], 129면, 농엽과학연구소, 정민욱,2010
8) 산업폐수관리체계 개선방안 연구(3th), 환경부, 97면-111면, 2008
9) 폐수배출 조사연구, 수질연구부, 90면-96면, 1999
10) 환경부. [배출부과금 부과제도 개선방안], 26-27면, 2001
11) 국립환경과학원, 연구책임자 신호상, 45면-48면, 2008.
12) 환경부, [산업폐수관리체계 개선방안 연구(3th), 30면-50면, 2008
13) (2011년부터)이렇게 달라집니다. 대한민국정부, 83면, 2010
14) 폐수배출 조사연구, 수질연구부, 1999, 17면-23면, 1999
15) 산업폐수관리체게 개선방안 연구 최종보고서, 환경부, 35면-49면, 2007
16) 산업폐수 관리체계개선 연구 최종보고서, 환경부, 19면-26면, 2003
17) 폐수배출시설 조사연구(Ⅲ), 수질연구부, 47면-146면, 1999
18) RBC와