중추신경계 손상 환자의 운동장애 고찰(근육긴장도 변화와 강직, 그리고 근력강화)

소개글

"중추신경계 손상 환자의 운동장애 고찰(근육긴장도 변화와 강직, 그리고 근력강화)"에 대한 내용입니다.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 본론
1.근육긴장도와 강직
2.움직임 향상을 위한 강직 억제
3.근력 생성
4.근력 약화와 관련된 생리적 변화
5.중재. 근력강화와 움직임 재교육

Ⅲ. 결론

Ⅳ. 참고문헌

본문내용

Ⅰ. 서론

중추신경계 손상 환자에게 적용하는 운동치료의 기본 원리는 과도한 근육 긴장도를 감소시키고, 근육 활성을 촉진하여 기능적 움직임 수행능력을 향상시키는 것이다(Humrnelsheim, 1999). 중추신경계 손상 환자에서 정상적인 움직임을 어렵게 하는 원인에는 근육 긴장도 변화와 근력 약화가 있다. 근육 긴장도의 문제는 긴장도를 정상으로 회복시킴으로써 운동장애를 개선하고, 근육 약화의 문제는 근력강화운동으로 운동장애를 개선시킬 수 있다. 현재 이러한 기본 원리는 여러 치료 접근법에서 대부분 받아들여지고 있지만, 2000년대 이전 신경계 운동치료는 강직에 대한 이해와 강직을 조절하는 접근 방법을 강조하는 것이 일반적이었다.
하지만 1990년대부터 근력강화운동에 대한 중요성이 강조되었rh, 중추신경계 손상 환자를 중재함에 있어서 운동장애의 근본 원인이 과긴장도(hypertone) 형태의 강직(spasticity) 때문인지 아니면 근육약화(muscu-lar weakness) 때문인지가 주요 쟁점이 되었다. 그러나 현재는 중추신경계 손상 환자의 기능적 움직임 향상을 위해 환자의 준비를 강조하는 것과 함께 과도한 근긴장도나 비정상적인 반사활동을 억제하는 중재보다는 기능적인 움직임 수행을 하는 동안 근력과 지구력을 향상시키고, 근육활동을 조절할 수 있도록 학습시키는 것으로 바뀌었다.
따라서 본 종설은 신경계 운동치료에서 근력과 강직에 대한 변화된 관점을 정리하여 이해를 돕고자 한다. 본문은 강직의 최신 지견과 물리치료와의 관련성(김종만, 최흥식, 1995), 편부전마비 환자에서의 근육약화에 대한 생리학적 고찰(김종만, 김택훈, 1996), 강직성 편마비 환자에서의 운동장애는 강직 때문인가? 근육약화 때문인가?(김종만, 안덕현, 2002)를 요약 정리한 것이다.

Ⅱ. 본론

1.근육긴장도와 강직
긴장도(tone)는 수동 신장이나 늘림에 대한 근육의 저항을 의미한다(O'Sullivan과 Schmitz, 2001). 정상적인 근육긴장도는 중력을 이길수 있을 만큼 높아야 하지만, 기능적인 움직임을 허용할 수 있을 만큼 낮아야 한다. 그러나 중추신경계 손상 환자는 중력을 이길 수 없는 저긴장(hypotonicity) 상태에 있거나, 기능적 움직임이 불가능한 과긴장(hypertonicity) 상태를 경험하게 된다.

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