[생화학]【A+】Carbohydrates

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Importance of Carbohydrates
Distributed widely in nature
Key intermediates of metabolism (sugars)
Structural components of plants (cellulose)
Central to materials of industrial products: paper, lumber, fibers
Key component of food sources: sugars, flour, vegetable fiber
Contain OH groups on most carbons in linear chains or in rings

Chemical Formula and Name
Carbohydrates have roughly as many O’s as C’s (highly oxidized)
Since H’s are about connected to each H and O the empirical formulas are roughly (C(H2O))n
Appears to be “carbon hydrate” from formula
Current terminology: natural materials that contain many hydroxyls and other oxygen-containing groups

Sources
Glucose is produced in plants through photosynthesis from CO2 and H2O
Glucose is converted in plants to other small sugars and polymers (cellulose, starch)
Dietary carbohydrates provide the major source of energy required by organisms

Why this Chapter?
To see what the structures and 1˚ biological functions of carbohydrates are
To have an introduction on how carbohydrates are biosynthesized and degraded in organisms

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