웅진 초기 평기와의 전개 양상과 배경 시론(試論) (Examination on the Development Pattern and Historical Background of the Plain Roof-tiles in the Early Ungjin Phase, Baekje)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 수선사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 사림 / 86호 / 131 ~ 161페이지
· 저자명 : 윤용희

초록

By comparing the production techniques of plain roof-tiles between items recently recovered from the southern ground of the Gongbukru site, Gongsanseong Fortress, Gongju, and from the Baekje sites, including the Earthen Fortification in Pungnap-dong, Seoul, in the Hanseong Phase, this study aims to reveal the process of succession of the plain roof-tile production technique from the Hanseong to Ungjin Phase and to examine its historical background.
Whereas the tiles with a lattice pattern occupy the higher proportion in the Hanseong phase, those with a line pattern increased in the Ungjin Phase. In addition, the rate of the undecorated tiles also increased because of the application of the water slip technology by the introduction of watong (mold), the specialized tool for making tiles. The archaeological context of the tiles shows the transitional pattern in the Hanseong Phase. For example, the tiles made of watong and anvil were co-existed; and the ratio of both items recovered from each site shows the different pattern. However, all tiles were made of watong in the Ungjin Phase. In the Hanseong Phase, two types of soji (the prepared clay), the tablet and string, were used, but the tablet type occupies the majority in the Ungjin Phase. Nevertheless, the fact that the string type soji was used even in the Ungjin Phase shows the succession of the roof-tile production technique from the Hanseong Phase.
The stratigraphic profile of the pond site, the southern ground, Gongbukru, and Gongsanseong Fortress is divided into two deposit layers. Layer No. 1, the lower stratum, contained tiles made of the string-type soji, and Layer No. 2, the upper stratum, included tiles made of the tablet-type soji. This pattern explicitly indicates the chronological sequence of the roof-tile-making technology. First, the tiles made of the tablet type began to be produced in the Hanseong Phase. Second, the tiles molded by watong and made of the string type soji were fired in the early Ungjin Phase. Third, the string-type soji was replaced by the tablet-type soji later.
According to the Baekje bongi (Baekje’s Records), the Samguk sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms), “peoples in the north of the Hangang River were relocated” in the 2nd year of King Munju’s reign (476). Therefore, it seems that the roof-tile production techniques in the Hanseong Phase succeeded in the Ungjin Phase through the migration of craftsmen. Moreover, they might be the principal people who supported the unstable royal family of Baekje after the fall of Hanseong, the royal capital in the Hanggang River basin, and built the new royal capital in Ungjin. King Dongseong, who ascended to the throne after the stabilization of the royal power, ordered the building of the place and new capital, and solid and practical plain roof tiles produced under the new production system were supplied to the builders who constructed the new capital.

영어초록

By comparing the production techniques of plain roof-tiles between items recently recovered from the southern ground of the Gongbukru site, Gongsanseong Fortress, Gongju, and from the Baekje sites, including the Earthen Fortification in Pungnap-dong, Seoul, in the Hanseong Phase, this study aims to reveal the process of succession of the plain roof-tile production technique from the Hanseong to Ungjin Phase and to examine its historical background.
Whereas the tiles with a lattice pattern occupy the higher proportion in the Hanseong phase, those with a line pattern increased in the Ungjin Phase. In addition, the rate of the undecorated tiles also increased because of the application of the water slip technology by the introduction of watong (mold), the specialized tool for making tiles. The archaeological context of the tiles shows the transitional pattern in the Hanseong Phase. For example, the tiles made of watong and anvil were co-existed; and the ratio of both items recovered from each site shows the different pattern. However, all tiles were made of watong in the Ungjin Phase. In the Hanseong Phase, two types of soji (the prepared clay), the tablet and string, were used, but the tablet type occupies the majority in the Ungjin Phase. Nevertheless, the fact that the string type soji was used even in the Ungjin Phase shows the succession of the roof-tile production technique from the Hanseong Phase.
The stratigraphic profile of the pond site, the southern ground, Gongbukru, and Gongsanseong Fortress is divided into two deposit layers. Layer No. 1, the lower stratum, contained tiles made of the string-type soji, and Layer No. 2, the upper stratum, included tiles made of the tablet-type soji. This pattern explicitly indicates the chronological sequence of the roof-tile-making technology. First, the tiles made of the tablet type began to be produced in the Hanseong Phase. Second, the tiles molded by watong and made of the string type soji were fired in the early Ungjin Phase. Third, the string-type soji was replaced by the tablet-type soji later.
According to the Baekje bongi (Baekje’s Records), the Samguk sagi (History of the Three Kingdoms), “peoples in the north of the Hangang River were relocated” in the 2nd year of King Munju’s reign (476). Therefore, it seems that the roof-tile production techniques in the Hanseong Phase succeeded in the Ungjin Phase through the migration of craftsmen. Moreover, they might be the principal people who supported the unstable royal family of Baekje after the fall of Hanseong, the royal capital in the Hanggang River basin, and built the new royal capital in Ungjin. King Dongseong, who ascended to the throne after the stabilization of the royal power, ordered the building of the place and new capital, and solid and practical plain roof tiles produced under the new production system were supplied to the builders who constructed the new capital.

참고자료

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