근린지역 특성이 사회적 자본에 미치는 영향 (Influence of Neighborhood's Characters on Social Capital)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사회복지정책학회
· 수록지 정보 : 사회복지정책 / 39권 / 2호 / 85 ~ 123페이지
· 저자명 : 박선희, 박병현

초록

본 연구는 빈곤계층의 지리적 집중 현상에 주목하면서, 빈곤 문제에 대한 비물질적 접근으로 사회적 자본에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 하였으며 이를 위해 개인요인 및 근린지역 요인을 함께 고려한 다층모형분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과 사회적 자본의 하위 요소인 신뢰, 호혜적 규범, 네트워크의 수준은 지역 간 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 빈곤지역 여부는 신뢰에는 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만 네트워크 수준에는 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 근린지역 무질서는 신뢰에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 빈곤지역의 사회적 자본을 증진하기 위해서는 개인요인뿐만 아니라 근린지역 요인에 대한 개입이 필요하며 빈곤정책에 있어 지역(장소)에 기반한 접근이 고려될 필요가 있음을 확인할 수 있다.

영어초록

This study aims to elucidate neighborhood effect, which is defined as an influence of the physical and social characteristics of neighborhood level on an individual. The reason for considering the influence of neighborhood level apart from individual factor is that change as an approach, based on regional characteristics, can be verified beyond the individual approach of existing poverty policy because human beings are organism under the influence of environment. This study sets 3 factors of social capital: trust, reciprocity, and network based on results of previous studies. For this purposes, a survey was taken in 16 regions in Busan. Finally 448 respondents's replies were analyzed. This study intends to discuss methods to increase social capital in two levels by identifying the influence of individual and neighborhood simultaneously. To achieve the purpose, this study utilizes multi-level model analysis method.
Research results showed differences in the levels of social capitals; trust, reciprocality, and networks according to regions. Factors that have a positive effect on trust include age, neighborhood relations, regional leadership, and impoverished areas. In addition, perceived disorder in town appeared to have a negative effect on trust. And factors that have a positive effect on reciprocity include gender, marital status, educational level, household income, and neighborhood relations. Last, factors that have a positive effect on networks include marital status, neighborhood relations, while factors that have a negative effect on networks were gender and impoverished region. Research results drew implications in policies and practices as follows: Firstly, enhancement of neighborhood relations and strengthening of regional leadership should be the first strategy to intervene for forming social capital. Secondly, the conditions of region can be affect positively or negatively on regional social capital. So we must pay more concern on how to use these regional condition to be useful to improve social capital. Lastly, diversification is required in the intervention strategies and methods of poverty policy.

참고자료

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