1945~1948년 북한 소비조합 정책의 전개 (North Korean Policy regarding Consumer Cooperatives, from 1945 to 1948)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 현실 / 96호 / 295 ~ 330페이지
· 저자명 : 이주호

초록

After the liberation, the North Korean society was facing full-scale changes. The Socialists were starting to create a new order, based upon the North Korean Labor Party and the newly established People’s Committees. Changes, which the Joseon people had never before experienced, started to affect the North Korean people’s lives at the most minute levels, not only in Pyeong’yang but also in the most remote corners of the country. Such changes are even sometimes referred to as the “North Korean Revolution.” But this “revolution” never progressed in a gradual fashion, and it was not like a change which had already begun smoothly entered a final phase. How it really progressed, during the so-called “People’s Democracy Phase,” and how the North Korean society actually changed as a result, should be the primary question in future studies, in order to determine the nature of the lives of people who lived above the 38th parallel line, before the division of the Korean peninsula was finalized.
The North Korean state was established in February 1946, when the North Korean Provisional People Committee was formed. It is still unclear, and of course not sufficiently studied, what kind of social and economic changes accompanied such process. So in this study, with the intention to properly address the subject, the establishment of North Korean Consumer cooperatives is examined. They appeared as part of the new economy of North Korea, and previous studies also took notice of that. They tried to determine their roles in the North Korean government’s economic policy, and their status in North Korean economy in general, but most of those studies resorted to a conclusion that those new elements in the new North Korean economy could not have grown due to all the ideological barriers planted within North Korean economic policies.
Actually, the Soviet model of a Consumer cooperative was fully embraced and employed in North Korea, as cooperative associations have already become a norm since the liberation thanks to certain experiences that came directly from colonial days. Changes in political and economic conditions since the liberation also enabled new entities like the consumer cooperatives to enter the market. North Korean leadership may have blindly adopted the Soviet model out of an ideological initiative, but under the handling of the North Korean Socialists, they were bound to evolve, or, of course, not. The North Korean government intended to reorganize the entire circulation system(especially in the area of daily necessities) using these new Consumer cooperatives. And so it intended to have such reorganization supplement the Controlled Economy plan. Unfortunately, in this study, the consumer cooperatives of North Korea are only examined as tools of the government’s policy. The problem should be overcome in future studies.

영어초록

After the liberation, the North Korean society was facing full-scale changes. The Socialists were starting to create a new order, based upon the North Korean Labor Party and the newly established People’s Committees. Changes, which the Joseon people had never before experienced, started to affect the North Korean people’s lives at the most minute levels, not only in Pyeong’yang but also in the most remote corners of the country. Such changes are even sometimes referred to as the “North Korean Revolution.” But this “revolution” never progressed in a gradual fashion, and it was not like a change which had already begun smoothly entered a final phase. How it really progressed, during the so-called “People’s Democracy Phase,” and how the North Korean society actually changed as a result, should be the primary question in future studies, in order to determine the nature of the lives of people who lived above the 38th parallel line, before the division of the Korean peninsula was finalized.
The North Korean state was established in February 1946, when the North Korean Provisional People Committee was formed. It is still unclear, and of course not sufficiently studied, what kind of social and economic changes accompanied such process. So in this study, with the intention to properly address the subject, the establishment of North Korean Consumer cooperatives is examined. They appeared as part of the new economy of North Korea, and previous studies also took notice of that. They tried to determine their roles in the North Korean government’s economic policy, and their status in North Korean economy in general, but most of those studies resorted to a conclusion that those new elements in the new North Korean economy could not have grown due to all the ideological barriers planted within North Korean economic policies.
Actually, the Soviet model of a Consumer cooperative was fully embraced and employed in North Korea, as cooperative associations have already become a norm since the liberation thanks to certain experiences that came directly from colonial days. Changes in political and economic conditions since the liberation also enabled new entities like the consumer cooperatives to enter the market. North Korean leadership may have blindly adopted the Soviet model out of an ideological initiative, but under the handling of the North Korean Socialists, they were bound to evolve, or, of course, not. The North Korean government intended to reorganize the entire circulation system(especially in the area of daily necessities) using these new Consumer cooperatives. And so it intended to have such reorganization supplement the Controlled Economy plan. Unfortunately, in this study, the consumer cooperatives of North Korea are only examined as tools of the government’s policy. The problem should be overcome in future studies.

참고자료

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