왜란과 호란기 매매와 분재, 그리고 家計운영-평산신씨 申磼 宗家 고문서 사례- (Property Dealing and Allocation between the Imjin War and the Manchu Invasion -A Study on the Shin Jab Family’s Historic Documents-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사실학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 실학 / 66호 / 51 ~ 80페이지
· 저자명 : 정수환

초록

이 글은 평산신씨 신잡 종가에 전하고 있는 고문서를 이용하여 임진왜란과 병자호란 시기 개인과 가문의 전란 대응 실태를 살펴보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 현재 이 가문에 전하고 있는 509점의 고문서 중 경제적 상황을 반영하고 있는 매매명문과 분재기 74점을 분석했다.
평산신씨 신잡 계열은 조선 16세기까지 한양에서 벼슬을 지속한 고위 관료 가문이었다. 그러나 임진왜란으로 신립을 비롯하여 신잡의 동생들이 세상을 떠나면서 평산신씨 가문은 위기에 직면했다. 왜란 후에는 광해군에 의해 정치적 탄압을 받았으며, 비록 인조반정으로 위상이 복구 되었으나 임란 이전의 상황과는 비교할 수 없는 수준이었다. 곧 이은 병자호란으로 인해 신잡 종가 계열은 왜란 이전의 정치적 입지를 회복하지 못했다.
평산신씨 신잡 종가는 임진왜란 이전 조선의 핵심관료가문으로, 임란 이전에 작성된 분재기에는 전국에 소유 노비가 산재하고 있었다. 그러나 왜란으로 노비는 물론 토지와 같은 중요 재산이 흩어지고 말았다. 전란 중에도 매매와 분재를 실시하여 경제활동을 일상적으로 유지했음에도 임란 직후 산실된 가산을 파악하기 위한 노력은 용이하지 않았다. 급기야 병자호란 발발을 계기로 재산을 복구할 수 있는 문서들을 잃어버리게 되면서 그 가능성은 더욱 낮아지게 되었다.
평산신씨 신잡 종가는 조선전기에 고위관료를 많이 배출한 대표적 양반가였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 임진왜란과 병자호란이라는 전란은 이 가문의 정치적 위상은 물론 토지와 노비 같은 중요한 경제적 기반을 무너뜨리는 결정적 요인이었다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to examine the actual conditions of the land and the management of its nobi (slaves or serfs) during the Imjin War and the Manchu Invasion through the examination of historic documents conveyed to the Pyeongsan Shin Clan. To this end, in this study we analysed 74 sales and property documents pertain to the family’s economic situation, with the rest of the 509 historic documents belonging to this family.
The Shin Jab family of the Pyeongsan Shin Clan was a high-ranking bureaucratic family that continuously maintained public office in Hanyang until the Joseon Dynasty in the 16th Century. During the Imjin War (1592～1598), the family’s seven siblings, including Shin Jab, suffered through a great difficulty. His younger brother, Admiral Shin Lip, died on the battlefield, and the rest of his younger brothers and mother died at that time. After the war, the remaining family was politically oppressed by King Gwanghaegun, and although it recovered its status with the Injobanjeong (the Restoration of King Injo), it was not comparable to the family’s situation before the war. Soon after the war, the Manchu Invasion prevented the family from regaining its pre-war political position.
Before the Imjin war, Shin Jab was the core bureaucratic family and a leader in wealth of the Joseon Dynasty. A Bunjaeki (document of property division) made before the war shows that the family owned and managed nobi throughout the country. However, as a result of the Imjin War, the family’s important assets, including land and nobi, were scattered. Nonetheless, the family kept up its economic activities on a daily basis by carrying out sales and divisions of property, even in the midst of war. Immediately after the war, the descendants of Shin Jab tried to recover their assets to their previous scale. However, they could not recover their bureaucratic status and could not restore the pre-war level of their wealth due to the political pressure from King Gwanghaegun. In addition, the possibility of reclaiming their assets fell further in the wake of the Manchu Invasion, when they lost documents that could have helped them restore their property.
The Shin Jab Family of the Pyeongsan Shin Clan was representative of the yangban (bureaucratic ruling class) and wealthy elite that produced many high-ranking officials in the Joseon Dynasty. Nevertheless, the Imjin War and the Manchu Invasion were the decisive factors that destroyed the family’s important economic bases of the time, such as its land and nobi, as well as its political status. This example shows that both the war and the invasion had a great influence on the economic structure and political dynamics of Joseon society.

참고자료

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