난배양 미생물의 배양

목차

1. Abstract

2. Introduction

3. 난배양성 미생물의 기능 분석 방법
3.1. FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) - MAR (microautoradiography)
3.2. Stable-isotope probing (SIP)
3.3. Isotope array

4. 난배양 미생물을 성장시키는 방법

5. 난배양 미생물의 배양과 가축화

6. 성장 요인

7. 결론 및 전망

8. References

본문내용

1. Abstract
대다수의 미생물 종은 '배양되지 않고'는 실험실에서 자라지 않는다. 이 때문에 모조의 자연 환경에서 유기체를 배양하는 여러 가지 방법이 개발되었다. 이 방법들로는 자연 환경에서 화합물을 확산시킬 수 있는 공간(chamber)에 세포를 두는 방법, 균사(발목균, 미세 균류)를 형성하는 유기체들을 특정적으로 잡아둘 수 있는 다공성 막으로 된 트랩 및 배양하도록 도움을 주는 종의 아래에서 성장시키는 방법 등이 있다. in situ에서의 반복적인 배양은 시험관의 일반적인 배지에서 자랄 수 있는 길들여진 변종을 생산하고 이차 대사산물의 생산을 위해 확장 될 수 있다. 공동 배양 접근법은 배양되지 않은 박테리아인 iron-chelating siderophore의 성장 인자의 첫 번째 부류를 밝혀냈다. 다양한 분류학적 그룹의 많은 난배양된 생물체는 siderophore를 생성하는 능력을 상실했으며, 성장을 위해 인접한 종에 의존하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 새로운 배양법은 이전에는 접근 할 수 없었던 미생물의 2차대사산물 잠재력의 개발을 가능하게 한다.

2. Introduction
주어진 환경의 모든 박테리아가 실험실 배지에서 자라는 것은 아니라는 최초의 증거는 현미경 검사에서 나왔다. 현미경으로 관찰된 세포의 수는 페트리 접시에서 자라는 콜로니의 수보다 훨씬 많다. 이러한 사례로 112 주년을 맞이한 Great Plate Count Anomaly는 아마도 가장 오래된 미해결 미생물 현상일 것이다. 오스트리아의 미생물학자인 Heinrich Winterberg는 1898년에 흥미로운 관찰을 했다. 그의 샘플에 있는 미생물 세포의 수는 영양 배지에서 형성된 콜로니의 수와 일치하지 않았다. 약 10년 후 J Amann은 이 불일치를 비 배양 세포가 배양 가능한 세포보다 거의 150배 많다는 걸 정량화하여 보였다.(1911) 이 논문은 오늘날 Great Plate Count Anomaly로 알려진 중요한 현상을 발견하기 위한 초기 연구 단계 중 일부를 의미한다.

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