엔클렉스, 유월드, 이화, nclex, uworld, nclexrn 전과목 총정리

문서 내 토픽

1. Mitral valve

성인의 경우 5번째 늑간 중앙선에서 가장 잘 들리며, S1 심음이 가장 잘 들리는 곳은 심첨부입니다. 7세 미만 아동의 경우 3번째 늑간에서, 7세 이상 아동의 경우 4번째 늑간에서 가장 잘 들립니다. 환자는 10-15도 상체 거상 자세로 누워있어야 합니다. 심잡음이 들리는 경우 왼쪽 측면으로 기울여 주는 것이 도움이 됩니다. 심음이 잘 들리지 않는 경우 환자에게 앞으로 기울여 앉거나 왼쪽으로 누워있게 하면 심장이 가슴벽에 더 가까워져 청진하기 좋습니다.
2. Atrial fibrillation & flutter

심방세동 및 심방조동의 합병증으로는 혈전 생성으로 인한 뇌졸중, 일과성 허혈 발작, 의식 변화 등이 발생할 수 있습니다. 간호사는 맥박을 가장 먼저 확인하고, 호흡곤란, 흉통, 두통 등의 증상을 사정해야 합니다. 또한 심전도 검사와 혈압 측정을 실시해야 합니다. 치료로는 항응고제, 아미오다론, 베타차단제, 칼슘채널차단제, 디곡신 등의 약물 투여와 함께 심장 전기 충격술 및 심장 절제술 등의 시술을 고려할 수 있습니다. 경식도 초음파 검사를 통해 혈전 생성 여부를 확인할 수 있습니다.

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1. Mitral valve

The mitral valve is a critical component of the heart's structure and function. It is responsible for regulating the flow of blood from the lungs to the left ventricle, ensuring efficient circulation throughout the body. Proper functioning of the mitral valve is essential for maintaining optimal cardiovascular health. Mitral valve disorders, such as mitral valve prolapse, stenosis, or regurgitation, can lead to various complications, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and stroke. Understanding the anatomy, physiology, and potential issues associated with the mitral valve is crucial for healthcare professionals in order to provide effective diagnosis, treatment, and management strategies for patients. Ongoing research and advancements in mitral valve repair and replacement techniques have significantly improved patient outcomes, but there is still room for further improvements in this field to enhance the quality of life for individuals with mitral valve-related conditions.
2. Atrial fibrillation & flutter

Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter are two of the most common cardiac arrhythmias, characterized by an irregular and often rapid heart rate. These conditions can have significant implications for an individual's health, as they increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other cardiovascular complications. Understanding the underlying mechanisms, risk factors, and management strategies for atrial fibrillation and flutter is essential for healthcare providers to ensure effective patient care. Advancements in pharmacological and interventional therapies, such as antiarrhythmic medications, catheter ablation, and left atrial appendage occlusion, have improved the management of these conditions. However, ongoing research is needed to further optimize treatment approaches, minimize complications, and enhance the overall quality of life for individuals living with atrial fibrillation and flutter. Continued efforts in education, early detection, and comprehensive management strategies are crucial to address the growing burden of these arrhythmias in the global population.