in isoloation ≠ use sounds intelligibly in conversation 2) Keep affective considerations firmly in mind ... 1) sounds we make while speaking (speech production) 2) the way sounds are perceived by the hearer (hearers ... Classroom techniques and tasks ⑴ Openness to change - building learners’s self-confidence & attending
hearer’s face, and it can help to achieve a range of interactional goals. ... The use of (wo) buzhidao as a stance marker allows the speaker to convey his/her consideration for the ... “The Use and Discourse-Pragmatic Function of wo buzhidao in Naturally Occurring Mandarin Chinese Conversation
2) Keep affective considerations firmly in mind. ? ... 1) sounds we make while speaking (speech production) 2) the way sounds are perceived by the hearer (hearers ... The place of pronunciation teaching in the ESL/EFL classroom 1) 1940s-1950s-“Listen carefully and repeat
using sounds in more personalized ways and through more spontaneous ways of speaking. ② Keep affective consideration ... Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics emphasizes “the way sounds are perceived by the hearer” to ... Second orientation: 1960s-1970s- “Let’s analyze these sounds closely to figure out how to pronounce them
interpretation of the perceived message. 3.The hearer infers the objectives of the speaker through consideration ... Administrative considerations still make it easier to program separate courses in reading and speaking ... of the type of speech event, the context, and the content. 4.The hearer recalls background information
hearer-focused information. ... In the side of consumer, speaker-focused information probably has
longer steps of recognition than the ... Taking the language of automobile advertisements into consideration
in view of information, the language
Keep affective considerations firmly in mind - teachers need to provide learners affective support - ... Pronunciation the sounds we make while speaking the way sounds are perceived by the hearer 2. ... Lessons : - challenge learners to mimic, memorize - practice language samples to the point of being able
learners to focus on the expression of meaning while teapontaneous ways of speaking. (2) Keep affective considerations ... Teachers are not able to make the changes necrners' self-confidence and attending to their emotional ... Longman Dictionary of Applied Linguistics "the way sounds are perceived by the hearer" 2.
However, we can know that the argument that endings are
the heads of XPs is not certain, if we considerate ... In
sentence-final endings, for example, Hon '-yo'(its function is hearer
honorification) is attached ... it cannot be a syntactic head if the structure of coordinate
construction is CP-CP.
In relation to the situations of storytelling, meta-narration should be taken into consideration. ... In accordance with the relationship of speakers to hearers, the typological features of meta-narration ... told to help the hearers understand some folk custom or concepts in order to transmit the morals successfully