districtsystem and Municipal Council Election with multi-member district system, we find the multi-member ... This paper aims to explore effects of the multi-member district system with single nontransferable vote ... This suggests that it is better to keep the multi-member district system with the enlargement of 3 or
At that time, the election was a Multi-memberdistrict (MMD), which strengthened the form of competition ... The 1955 system refers to 38 years of Japanese politics, from the establishment of one-party dominant ... Lee Jung-hwan. “Japan’s Postwar Political Economic System and Structural Reform Discourse”.
Fourth, in the process of change, the ruling party that introduced multi-member district system secured ... First, the creation process of the National Assembly Election Act, which applied the single-memberdistrict ... system, political party recommendation system, and national district distribution principle favorable
This study examines if a multi-member district system with a larger district magnitude helps to relieve ... Therefore, it is more desirable to test the effect of the multi-memberdistrictsystem on regionalism ... To this end, I use the effective number of
parties(ENP) to test the effect of the multi-memberdistrict
party ) Electoral System House of representative ~ 1994 :Multi-memberdistrict 1995 ~ single memberdistrict ... House of Councilors Members 480 242 Tenure 4 years 6 years Dissolution O X Electoral system FPTP: 300 ... Parallel plurality+PR Parallel Plurality-PR system Voters vote for SMD candidate and PR party (2 votes
into multi party system. ... single memberdistrict method adopted afterward, the dominance of LDP has slowly changed to 2 party system ... As I mentioned, house of rep. adopted mmd until 1994 and changed to single memberdistrict and PR method
and adopting multi-member district system in municipal council elections. ... On the other hand, the influence of new electoral districtsystem on women's participation is almost ... The 2006 local election was the first election held under the new electoral system allowing party nomination
According to Duverger, Proportional Representation tends to lead multi-party system. ... As it leads multi-party system, there is not any party which occupies majority of parliament’s seats. ... In the case of proportional representation, as I mentioned already, it tends to have multi-party system
electoral institutions, the nationwide simultaneous implementation of local elections along with the multi-member ... districtsystem in municipal council elections, have played a key role in reinforcing parties' power