chapter 8 summary
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- 2012.10.31
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- 2011.09
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- James Cummins proposed a distintion between cognitive/academic language proficiency (CALP) and basic interpersonal communicative skills (BICS). CALP is that dimension of proficiency in which the learner manipulates or reflects upon the surface features of language outside of the immediate interpersonal context. After that it will be change the form of context-reduced. // BICS is in oder to be able to function in daily interpersonal exchanges and then it will be change the form of context-embedded.
- Michael Canale & Merrill Swain, reference point for virtually all discussions of CC in relation to second language teaching. 1. Grammatical competence is that aspect of CC that encompasses “knowledge of lexical items and of rules of morphology, syntax, sentence-grammar semantics, and phonology. 2. Discourse competence is that added grammatical abilities from many aspects. 3. Sociolinguistic competence is knowledge between social and cultural rules. 4. Strategic competence is significantly complex concept.
- Language Function ? Bachman’s model of CC, illocutionary competence consists of the ability to manipulate the functions of language. Functions are essentially the purposes that we accomplish with language, e.g., stating, requesting, responding, greeting, parting, etc. // John Austin stressed the importance of consequences, the perlocutionary force, of linguistic communication.
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