[국제법]수단내전에 관한 고찰

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국제법 시간에 교수님께서 내준 숙제입니다.
수단에 대한 자료가 부족한 상황에서 원서보면서 나름대로 준비한 논문입니다.
에이뿔 받았구요. ^^

목차

제 1장 서론 ···································································································· 1
제1절 문제제기와 연구 목적 ··············································································· 1
제2절 연구방법과 논문구성 ················································································· 2

제 2장 수단 국가 정보 ················································································ 3
제1절 종족 ····································································································· 3
제2절 언어 ····································································································· 4
제3절 종교 ····································································································· 4

제 3장 수단 내전 개황 ··············································································· 6

제 4장 수단 내전의 역사적 배경 ···························································· 7
제1절 무함마드 알리 - 노예무역 ········································································· 7
제2절 마흐디 정부 ····························································································· 8
제3절 영국 ․ 이집트 공동 통치기 ········································································· 8
제4절 수단의 독립 이후부터 현재까지 ································································· 10

제 5장 수단 내전의 의미 와 추후전망 ······················································· ·12
제1절 수단 내전의 의미 ····················································································· 12
제2절 추후전망 ·································································································· 12

제 6장 결론 ··································································································· 14
참고자료 ········································································································· 15·
수단 내전 주요 일지 ························································································· 15

본문내용

수단 내전을 말하기에 앞서, 아프리카제국의 역사적 배경부터 알아보도록 하겠다. 아프리카 제국은 다년간의 식민지배에서 벗어나 정치적 독립을 획득한 신생제국으로, 서구의 식민지주의에 의해 착취나 억압을 경험하였다. 따라서 아프리카제국은 국가적 개별단위에서 볼 때, 허약하고 이질적인 배경을 지니고 있는 것으로 인식될 수 있다. 그러나 저항의 논리라는 구심점으로 연대성을 확고히 할 경우, 아프리카대륙은 국가단위로서의 존재이유는 국제정치에서 결코 무시될 수 없는 비중을 차지하고 있다.
제2차 세계대전 후 서구 자본주의는 그 지판침하의 징후를 보였던 반면, 사회주의자향국가의 상대적 중대와 동시에 서구 식민지배하에서 해방되어 정치적 독립을 획득하게 된 신생국은 계속 증가하였다. 수단은 영국과 이집트의 지배를 받다가 1956년 1월 공화국으로 독립하였다. 그러나 수단은 독립 당시부터 다음과 같은 세 가지 난관에 봉착하였다.
첫째, 북방에 위치한 아랍강대국인 이집트가 수단에 지속적으로 간섭하였다. 수단과 이집트는 수백 년에 걸쳐 지배권을 높고 다투어 왔고, 독립 후에도 국경 부근에서 빈번하게 충돌하였다.
둘째, 국내 이슬람 종파 간에 세력 다툼이 벌여졌다. 이슬람교도는 수단 인구의 75%를 점유하고 있으며, 그들 간에 정권투쟁이 계속되어 1969년부터 쿠데타가 빈번하게 발생하였다.
셋째, 흑인계 주민에 의한 반정부활동이 지속되고 있다. 수단 남부 3개 주에 걸쳐 햄계 니트로인(딩카족 등)으로 불리는 흑인들(수단 인구의 25%점유)이 거주하고 있는데, 그들은 비아랍인들로서 원시 종교와 기독교를 신봉하고 있어 이슬람을 믿는 아랍인들과 역사적으로 반목하여 왔다. 니트로인들은 수단이 독립한 이후 ‘수단인민해방군’(SPLA)을 조직하여 반정부활동을 전개해오고 있으며, 주변의 반 아랍 세력들까지도 그들을 지지하기 때문에 오늘날에도 수단 내부의 최대 불안요인이 되고 있다.

참고 자료

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