사회보장과 공공부조 제도-국민기초생활보장제도와 의료급여를 중심으로

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사회보장과 공공부조 제도-국민기초생활보장제도와 의료급여를 중심으로

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Ⅰ. 기초생활 보장과 공공복지체계

1. 기초생활보장체계 접근방법 ··············································································· 1
1) 공공복지체계 분석의 관점 ·············································································· 1
(1) 복지국가 유형론 관점 ················································································· 1
(2) 국가간 실태비교 분석 관점 ·········································································· 2
(3) 복지정책 분석연구 관점 ··············································································· 2
(4) 분석대상 설정범위의 관점 ············································································ 2
2) 사회보장방식유형과 기초생활보장 ··································································· 3
2. 기초생활보장체계의 구성요소 ········································································ 4
1) 보장대상자 선정 ······························································································ 4
(1) 선별주의와 보편주의 ··················································································· 4
(2) 범주적 지원과 일반적 지원 ·········································································· 5
2) 급여의 형태와 제공방법 ··················································································· 5
(1) 급여형태 ···································································································· 5
(2) 제공방법 ···································································································· 6
3) 서비스 전달체계 ······························································································· 6
4) 재정조달과 분담 ······························································································· 8
3. Nitional Minimum의 개념과 복지권의 발달 과정 ········································ 9
1) National Minimum 의 개념 ············································································ 10
2) National Minimum 개념의 역사적 변천 ························································· 11
3) 베버리지의 한계 ····························································································· 12
4) 빈곤의 내용과 빈곤법의 원칙 ········································································ 12
5) 복지권의 개념발달과 국제화 ·········································································· 13

Ⅱ. 국민기초생활보장제도

1. 국민기초생활보장제도 ···················································································· 14
2. 제도의 도입배경 ······························································································ 14
3. 제도의 특징 ····································································································· 15
4. 보장책임 및 재정부담 ···················································································· 15
5. 적용대상과 급여의 종류 ················································································ 15
6. 서비스 전달체계 ····························································································· 16
7. 앞으로의 발전과제 ························································································· 16
6. ‘국민기초생활보장법’ 개정안 비교 ······························································· 17
7. 국민기초생활보장제도 10년의 성과와 한계 ················································ 17
8. 국민기초생활보장제도 관련 기사 ·································································· 19
9. 국민기초생활보장제도 관련 사회복지사 1급 시험문제 및 답안 ················ 21

Ⅲ. 의료급여

1. 의료급여법이란? ····························································································· 25
2. 의료급여제도의 실시과정 ·············································································· 26
1) 의료급여제도 발전과정 ·················································································· 26
2) 의료급여제도 실적 ························································································· 27
⑴ 의료급여대상자 ······················································································· 27
⑵ 의료급여수진율의 변화 ··········································································· 27
⑶ 의료급여비 지출 ····················································································· 28
3. 의료급여제도 현황 ························································································· 28
1) 의료급여 수급권자 ························································································· 29
2) 의료급여기금조성 및 관리 ············································································· 29
⑴ 진료체계 ································································································ 29
⑵ 의료급여제도의 본인부담금 ···································································· 29
⑶ 의료급여제도의 관리 운영기관 ······························································· 29
4. 문제점과 정책과제 ·························································································· 29
1) 수급권자의 범위의 적정성 ············································································· 30
2) 급여의 확대와 본인 부담의 경감 ··································································· 31
3) 의료급여수급권자를 위한 단골의사제와 방문진료제 ······································ 31
5. 2007년 의료급여 제도개선내용 ·································································· 31
1) 의료급여 1종 수급권자에게 건강생활 유지비 지원 ······································· 31
2) 급여일수관리와 선택병의원 이용 ··································································· 31
3) 의료급여 자격관리시스템 구축 ······································································ 31
6. 의료급여 관련 사회복지사 1급 기출문제 및 답안 ···································· 32
7. 의료급여 관련 신문 기사 ············································································· 34

Ⅳ. 기초생활보장과 자산형성기반정책

1. 기초생활보장을 위한 혁신적 제안들 ·························································· 35
1) 기본소득(Basic Income) ·············································································· 36
2) 기본자본(Basic Capital) : 스테이크홀더 보조금(Stakeholder Grant) ··········· 37
2. 한국에서의 실험: 서울시의 희망드림 프로젝트·········································· 37
1) 자산형성지원제도의 도입논의 ······································································· 38
2) 희망드림(Dream) 프로젝트 ··········································································· 38

본문내용

공공복지체계를 분석하는 방법에 대한 선행연구들을 살펴보면 복지국가 유형화 작업의 일환으로 실시된 연구, 제도실시 현황파악을 위한 자료비교 정리작업, 그리고 사회복지정책을 구성하는 체계 및 내용 중심의 분석연구들로 구분된다.

(1) 복지국가 유형론 관점

Wilensky(1975)는 GNP에 대한 사회보장비율을 비교분석 기준으로 삼았으며, Therborn(1987)은 사회복지와 노동시장이라는 두 가지 변수에 대한 국가의 개입 정도를, Furniss & Tilton(1977)은 국가정책의 목적, 국가정책의 방향 그리고 사회정책의 방향 등 세 가지 차원에서 변수를 선정한다. Rainwater 등(1986)은 스웨덴, 영국 그리고 미국 3개국을 분석하는 변수로 ①사회복지 프로그램의 가입률 ②급여액 ③사회복지프로그램의 소득재분배 효과 ④빈곤제거율 등 네 가지를 제시하였다.
최근 우리나라 복지국가 유형화에 관한 논쟁에서 가장 많이 거론되고 있는 연구는 Esping_Andersen(1990)의 연구이다. Esping_Andersen(1990)은 복지체계를 탈 상품화와 계층화 그리고 국가와 시장의 상대적 비중을 기준으로 분류하고 있다. 탈 상품화 지수 산정을 위한 다섯 가지 변수들로는 ①최저급여액의 평균근로자 임금에 대한 비율 ②평균 급여액의 평균근ㄹ자 임금에 대한 비율 ③급여를 받을 수 있는 자격기준 ④전체프로그램 재원에서 수급자가 지불한 비율 ⑤실제 수급자의 비율 등이다.

(2) 국가간 실태비교 분석 관점

유럽의 Commission of the European Communities(1994)에서는 EC국가 및 EC국가는 아니지만 호주, 캐나다 등 유럽국가로 분류되는 나라들을 포함하여 각국의 사회보장제도를 비교분석하면서 ①전반적 차원 ②수급자 선정차원 ③급여내용차원 ④행정 ⑤재정이라는 다섯 가지 분석차원과 각 차원별로 구체적인 변수를 제시하였다.
첫째, 전반적인 차원에서는 명칭, 근거법령, 목적, 법적권리부여, 원칙 등의 변수를, 두 번째, 수급자선정차원에서는 수급권자의 일반 설정조건으로 기간, 국적, 거주, 연령, 노동의사 다른 급여와의 관계, 기타 조건, 결정의 차원, 지역간 차이, 자산조사의 가구범위, 고려되는 자산, 수급자 수 등의 변수를, 세 번째, 급여의 내용 차원에서는 급여의 범위, 가족급여와의 관계, 급여의 양, 급여조정 청구방법, 기타 급여로 의료, 주택 등의 변수를 네 번째, 행정차원에서는 행정기구의 조직과 성격변수를 다섯 째, 재정차원에서는 재정규모와 재원 조달 등의 변수를 제시했다.
미국의 사회보장청(SSA)이 전 세계 170개 이상의 국가에 대한 사회보장 제도를 분석한 Social Security Programs Throughout the World 에서는 각국의 사회복지프로그램에 대한 비교분석틀로 적용범위, 재원, 자격조건, 급여, 행정조직을 제시한다.
이 외에도 영국의 사회보장청(1996)이 OECD 국가들의 사회보장체계내 자산조사형 급여(공적부조)에 대해 비교분석한 자료에서는 국가간 비교기준으로 법과 행정구조, 수혜자격 기준, 재정지출, 수급자수, 정책이슈 등을 사용하여 OECD 모든 국가의 공적부조제도를 동일한 목차에 따라 볼 수 있도록 소개한다.

참고 자료

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